主体性是相对于客体性而言的，是主体的属性和状态。后现代主义所批判的主体性表现在对绝对主体的批判，对理性主体中心的批判，对主体同一性的批判等。这表明后现代主义的主体观是主张主体间性的主体而不是孤立的和绝对的主体，强调的是主体的创造性而不是固守箴言，倡导的是多样性主体而不是普遍性主体。

As far as the subjectivity is concerned , it contrast to the objectivity .Subjectivity is the attribute and state of the sub-ject.Postmodernism criticizes subjectivity in terms of the absolute subject , the rational subject and identity , etc.This suggests that the subject of postmodernism is intersubjectivity rather than isolated and absolute one , which emphasizes the creation of the subject rather than stick to the motto , at the same time it advocate the diversity of subject rather than universality of the subject .

翻译主体研究兴起至今已有几十年历史,并正在由译者主体研究向主体间性研究过渡。在翻译主体研究中,译员主体性很少被人们论及,并有将其囊括在译者主体研究中的倾向,这对于人们正确看待译员主体地位是不利的。口译职业正日渐繁荣,口译研究也逐渐兴盛,对译员主体性的深入研究和对口译主体间性的初步探讨显示,人们有必要对译员主体地位重新思索,同时也再次肯定了翻译主体研究向主体间性研究转向的必要性。

It is decades since the rise of the study of translation subjectivity which is now experiencing a shift from translator’s subjectivity to intersubjectivity. Interpreter’s subjectivity is seldom mentioned in the study and there is a danger of enveloping it in translator’s subjectivity. It is adverse for people to view interpreter’s position of subjectivity correctly. Interpreter’s position of subjectivity reached an unprecedented height along with the thriving of interpreting profession and interpreting studies. However, a close study of interpreter’s subjectivity and intersubjectivity of interpreting shows that there is a necessary rethink of interpreter’s position of subjectivity.

为澄清社会各界对企业技术创新主体的认识争议问题,在总结分析前人工作的基础上,探讨如何理解技术创新主体及其主体的唯一性问题,论证企业是技术创新主体这一命题,分析导致我国企业技术创新主体地位不强的原因及其背景,并就如何加强技术创新主体进行探讨,提出通过制度创新强化企业技术创新主体的政策方向。

There is a hot discussion on mainbody status of technology innovation in NIS in China .Based on a literature re-view , the paper analyzes the mainbody status of technology innovation and its uniqueness , and demonstrates that enterprises are the only one mainbody of technology innovation in NIS .Then the reasons and background why enterprises cannot play the role of a real mainbody status of technology innovation in China are analyzed .Finally, the paper puts forward the sug-gestion that strengthening institutional innovation can improve the mainbody function of technology innovation in NIS in Chi -na.

毛泽东的人民主体观是对马克思主义人民主体理论的创造性运用和发展。具体地说,人民群众是历史主体,是创造世界历史的动力;人民群众是权力主体,必须在政治上实现人民群众当家作主的民主权利;人民群众是利益主体,共产党人必须全心全意为人民服务并切实地关心、解决人民群众的利益问题。毛泽东的人民主体观具有十分重大的现实意义。

Mao Zedong’s perspective of the people’s principle position is a creative application and develop-ment of the Marxist theory of people’s principle position. Specifically,the masses are the subjects of history and the driving forces to create world history;the masses are the subjects of power and must be politically the owner of democratic power;the masses are the subjects of interests,must be served wholeheartedly,and problems concern-ing their interests must be concerned and solved earnestly by the communists. Mao Zedong’s perspective of peo-ple’s principle position has great practical significance.

文化的生命在于原创力，文化原创力是文化生存、发展和繁荣的基本动力。文化原创力的缺失，最主要而且首先应归咎于文化主体意识的迷失。文化主体意识可以从三个层面上来理解：首先是指文化主体的自我确认，即文化主体意识“涵括了认知主体对自我的‘回顾’（Retention）-9‘反省’（Reflektion）”；其次是指文化主体对本民族的一种“文化自觉”意识；三是指文化主体面对外来文化渗透、影响和冲击时的主动性。走出当前文化困境的真正出路在于文化主体意识的彻底觉醒，在于文化主体对中国文化自身消长的特殊规律有深刻的理解。

Cultural vitality lies in the original. The lack of Cultural innovation is because of the loss of the consciousness of cultural subjectivity. Being out of the current predicament of culture lies in the complete awakening of the consciousness of cultural subjectivity.