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双语推荐：人名

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人名不仅仅是一种语言现象,更是一种文化的载体。阐述了作为语言现象的人名的特点和内涵,透过人名的表层语言现象,去挖掘人名深处的文化内涵,以揭示汉族人民的心理特征,价值取向,伦理道德、风俗习惯等,并预测人名的命名趋势,进而探讨其规范。
The name is not only a linguistic phenomenon,is a culture carrier.The characteristics and con-notation of language names,through the surface phenomenon of language names names,to dig deep cul-tural connotation,to reveal the psychological characteristics of the Han people,values,ethics,customs, and forecast the trend of naming names,and to explore its specification.

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改革开放后,新疆与国内以及国际交往越来越频繁。新疆少数民族人名汉字音译转写缺少统一标准,维吾尔人名汉字音译转写时,在户口上是一种写法,在身份证上另一种写法,在护照上更不一样的用字写法,机票、汇款单等又是一种写法。为解决这些问题,前人作了研究并取得了一定成果以及使用维吾尔人名汉语音译撰写系统来规范维吾尔人名汉语音译。但是这些成果正确率只有52%。利用规则和维吾尔人名特征相结合的方法,提高系统自动维吾尔人名汉语音译正确率30%。介绍该领域研究进展,通论维吾尔音节切分与维吾尔人名特征相结合方法。陈述基于字形的DOM音译框架解决的问题,介绍基于音节切分的维吾尔人名汉字音译转写的实现方法,给出了实验结果与分析。
After the reform and opening up, more frequent internal and international communication with Xinjiang occurs. The minority personal name transliteration to Chinese character is yet to have a unified standard, and various writings on residence registration, ID card, passport and even on ticket exist. To solve these problems, it has studied and obtained certain achievement using the system of Uyghur personal name transliteration to Chinese character. However, it only achieves 52% precision. Then using both rule and Uyghur personal name features combined approach, its precision increases over 30%. This paper introduces current research progress, then puts forward both Uyghur syllabification and Uyghur personal name features combined method, and states tackled issues of grapheme-based DOM transliteration frame. It gives the whole details of how this method runs on system of Uyghur personal name transliteration to Chinese characters ,and experi-mental result and analysis.

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中文人名的识别至今还是自然语言研究领域一个比较困难的课题．因此提出一种基于条件随机场模型的文中人名识别方法。条件随机场模型是一种无向图模型．有效避免有向图在标记的过程中出现偏执的问题，并且通过二次识别．有效解决人名在上下文环境中的识别问题。通过实验分析，基于条件随机场模型的人名识别能比较准确地识别出中文的人名。
In the field of natural language research, recognition of Chinese name is still a difficult issue, so points out a kind of recognition of Chinese name based on conditional random fields model. Conditional random fields model which is a kind of undirected graph models that can avoid the bias problems which digraph produces in the process of marking. By secondary recognition, it can solve these issues of recognizing name on the context. Through the analysis of experiments, name recognition based on conditional random fields is able to recognize Chinese name more accurate.

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本文采用统计和规则相结合的混合策略,提出一种维吾尔人名的自动识别方法.该方法利用知识库中的统计信息,对维吾尔人名做初步的提取,分析维吾尔人名构成的各类特征,提取特征集,总结相应的识别规则,对候选人名进行识别,并消除歧义.在此基础上构建了维吾尔人名识别系统,并对系统进行了封闭和开放测试,实验结果表明,封闭测试的准确率达到88.47%,召回率达到85.1%.
A strategy of combining statistical analyses and rules is adopted, and an automatic identifying method for Uyghur person names is proposed. Using the statistic data in the databank, the paper selects some Uyghur person names and analyzes their various features before a summary of the corresponding identifying rules and elimination to ambiguity. The established system has proved to be feasible and effective, close and open testing for the system. Experimental results show that, accuracy of the closed beta arrived at 88.47%, recall rates at 85.1%.

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人名是人类社会所特有的现象。小说中的人名则有着更丰富的文化内涵，它体现了小说人物的性格特征和他们的命运结局等，所以研究英文小说中人名的文化内涵，将这些人名能够准确的翻译出来，不仅对文学翻译有着重要的意义，也对中西方文化交流起着至关重要的作用。
The Name is a unique phenomenon in human society .The names in novels have more cultural connotations .They reflect the characters''personality and fate in novels .So the study of the cultural connotation in names of English novels and the accurate translation of these names not only have important significance to literary translation ,but also play a vital role in the cultural exchange betw een China and the West .

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基于条件随机场模型在字粒度上识别并切分藏文人名，其优势是可以较好地利用藏文人名在文本中出现的基本特征和上下文特征来确定藏文人名在文本序列中的边界。根据藏文人名自身的特点设定特征标签集，利用条件随机场模型作为标注建模工具来进行训练和测试。从实验结果来看，该方法有较高的识别正确率，具有进一步研究的价值。下一步的改进需要扩充训练语料，并针对人名与一般词语同形现象进行特征标签集的优化。
The best feature of segmentation of Tibetan names based on Conditional Random Field(CRF)on the character level is making use of the basic and context features of the Tibetan names. This paper defines a feature tag set to fit in with the characters of Tibetan names, uses CRF as tagging model to train and test corpus data. The experimental result shows that the method has a high recognition rate and deserves further study. The next steps are to expand the corpus and optimize the tag set for the isomorphic phenomena of Tibetan names and general words.

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人名乃碑志文的焦点信息，涉及碑志主或责任者的身份、职责等核心内容，有的还与社会、历史、文化等密切相关。现有石刻纂录成果中，出现了各种人名错误，其中以明代石刻最为典型，主要包括误判碑志制作人员、人名断取错误、误认形近字、误拆重组人名用字、张冠李戴、误判人事关系等八类问题。根据碑拓分类简析其人名讹误的原因并择要校正，可供还原文献、澄清史实及研究、使用和整理碑刻材料时参考借鉴。
Names are the key information of the inscriptions,which involves the identities and responsibilities of the persons in the in-scriptions,and close relations with the contemporary societies,history and culture.However,errors of the names exist in the achieve-ments about the records of the inscriptions and the representative is the inscriptions in Ming dynasty,and the errors are regarded mainly as eight categories,such as errors from recorders,about similar characters,of names of persons and even human relations and so on. The analysis about the causes of the names and correction provide reference for the correct documents,clear historical facts and re-search,usage and collection of the inscriptions.

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诗歌翻译是文学作品翻译中的一个难题，人名翻译更是复杂。本文以直译与意译两大翻译策略为理论基础，探讨中文诗歌里的人名翻译。
The translation of poems is difficult in the translation of literature works. And the translation of people’s names is more complicated. On the basis of literal and free translation,this paper explored the translation of people''s name in Chinese poems.

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绰号作为人名的表现形式之一，以语音为物质外壳，以词汇为建筑材料，是音、形、义三位一体的结合。它夸张人物的特长，突出人物的性格，寥寥几笔就能传神写意。东北方言中的人名异称绰号丰富，在东北地区无论是社会生活中还是影视作品中都存在着形象生动的人名异称绰号。从语言学角度出发，分析东北方言中的人名异称绰号，描写其鲜明的语音特点、构词类型和修辞手法，既拓宽语言学研究的维度又有利于东北方言的传承与保护。
Nickname , as one manifestation of names , is a combination of trinity of the sound , shape and meaning .It makes use of vocabulary and the voice as materials .It exaggerated the characters and highlight the personality .There are a wealth of nick-names in the Northeast Chinese dialect , whether in social life or in film and television works .The paper discussed the different ap-pellations in the northeast Chinese dialect from the perspective of linguistic , which describes its distinctive voice characteristics , for-mation type and rhetorical .The analysis not only broaden the dimensions of linguistic research , but also inherit and protect the Northeast Chinese dialects .

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目的：论在文学作品的翻译研究上应用的越来越广泛，但纵观目的论视角下对文学作品的研究，少有针对人名翻译的开展研究。因此本文拟将以沈从文小说中的人名翻译为例，探讨目的论视域下小说的人名翻译策略和翻译方法。通过研究发现，小说的人名翻译策略主要取决于译者的翻译目的：想让源语文化“走出去”的译者一般采用异化的策略，同时采取音译法和直译法居多；而对源语文化抱有“请进来”目的的译者将采用归化策略，在翻译方法上倾向于意译法及音译加注法。
The application of skopos theory in literary works’translation studies has become wider and wider, but there are few studies on name translation from the the perspective of Skopos theory. Therefore, this article will take Shen Congwen novel as an example, discuss the translation strategies and methods of name translation from the the perspective of Skopos theory. Through the study, we find that the translation strategies of characters’names are mainly dependent on the translator''s translation purpose:translators with the purpose of letting the source language culture“go out”will determine the use of foreignization strategy and meantime adopt transliteration and literal translation as the main translating methods; translators with the purpose of letting the source language culture“come in”will determine the use of domesticating strategy and tend to use transliteration, combination of transliteration and annotation.

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