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双语推荐：代北集团

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“唐末五代代北集团”概念需要进行历史性考察。第一，“以地方藩镇崛起代兴”并不影响代北集团的是否成立；第二，代北集团是一个包括沙陀、昭武九姓胡人、突厥、回鹘、吐谷浑、奚、契絆、鞑靼以及汉族等多种民族成分在内的多民族结合体；第三，代北集团与唐朝统治者存在着“互为作用、资源互利”的关系，集团的形成过程，也就是其与唐朝统治者“互为作用、资源互利”的过程。
The thesis will discuss the foundation of the definition of“the Daibei Group (代北集团)of the five dynasties in the late Tang dynasty”in three folds.Fistly,“rising in the way of local division”does not affect the foundation of Daibei Group;secondly,Daibei Group is a multi -national combination in-cluding multi-national components like the Shatuo (沙陀),Hu (胡)troops,Turk,Huihu (回鹘), Tuyuhun(吐谷浑),Xi(奚),Qibi(契絆),Tartar and Han ethnic group etc.;thirdly,there are “mutu-al interaction and mutual benefit in resources”relationship between Daibei Group and emperors of Tang Dynasty,that is to say,the foundation of the group is the process of“mutual interaction and mutual ben-efit in resources”with Tang rulers.

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东晋权臣刘裕北伐后秦之战取得了巨大的成功,刘裕由此积累了巨大的威望,得以成功地代晋建宋。此役改变了北方的政治格局与民族势力的分布,为北魏统一北方提供了战略机遇,在此基础上,中国历史开始向南北对峙的方向演进。对于刘裕而言,弃守关中的首要原因在于刘穆之猝然逝世导致京口集团内部发生力量变动。考虑到东晋的实力和战略全局,放弃关中是有利的战略选择。
LIU Yu, Minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty launched the Northern Expedition war against later Qin Dynasty. LIU Yu thus accumulated enormous prestige, and ascended successfully. The war changed the north and the national power distribution pattern, provided favorable conditions for the Northern Wei Dynasty to unify the north China. LIU Yu made the decision to abandon the northern expedition after the success because of the sudden death of LIU Mu, which was the favorable strategic arrangement, considering the strategic situa-tion.

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食客在春秋战国的政治、外交上有过重要影响,到秦汉时,随着君主专制中央集权的建立,食客由政治向学术研究和文学创作转型,食客文学集团孕育产生。以吕不韦文学集团、梁王文学集团、刘安文学集团最负盛名。食客文学集团成为中国古代文学集团的滥觞。
Diners in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period had an important influence on the politics and diplo -macy.To the Qin and the Han Dynasties with the establishment of the absolute monarchy centralization , those persons began to turn from the political to the academic research and literary creation , diners''literary groups had been incubated .Some of the most prestig-ious literary groups included Lv Buwei literary group , king of Liang literary group and Liu An''s literary group .Diners''literary groups had become the origin of ancient literature Chinese groups .

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高职教育集团化办学是社会经济和高职教育发展的必然选择。鉴于国内外高职教育集团化办学发展的不同步性,通过对国内外高职教育集团化办学的研究,比较两者集团化办学基本情况中的相似与不同之处,发现国外高职教育集团化办学对我国高职教育集团化办学有立法与执法、运行机制、政府职能、集团开放度等四个方面的启示。
It is an inevitable trend that higher vocational education will syndicate with the social and economic development, and with that higher vocational education itself. It has been noticed that there is a large gap between higher vocational education syndication at home and abroad. Through a comparative study of the situations in China and in the west, this paper outlines the similarities and differences in higher vocational education syndication. It argues that higher vocational education syndication in the west may inspire that of China in four aspects, namely, legislation and law enforcement, operational mechanism, the functions of the government, and the openness of the syndicate.

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以天津城市职业学院职教集团为例,从政府主导型职教集团的运行机制、模式方面进行研究。指出政府主导型职教集团符合当前经济发展需要,鼓励企业加入职教集团,加大职教集团发展的政策支持,推动职教集团的创新发展是未来职业教育发展的战略选择。
A case study of Tianjin vocational college of vocational education group ,from Govern-ment -oriented vocational education group ’ s operation mechanism , models for research . The paper pointed out that the Government -led vocational education group in line with the current needs of eco-nomic development ,encouraging enterprises joining vocational education group ,increase the group poli-cy support for the development of vocational education ,promote the innovation and development of vo-cational education group is a strategic choice for the development of vocational education in future .

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我国职教集团在数量、规模日益繁荣的景象背后，因理论基础薄弱，政策的桎梏，尤为关键的是职教集团利益增值无法平衡，造成职教集团高效运营发展受到不同程度的阻滞。以辽宁省职教集团运行困境为研究切入点，对职教集团运行阻滞的根源进行探寻，有针对性地得出深化职教集团理论搭建、制定切合实际的政策法规、突破原有利益呈现形式三点对策，来改进职教集团的长效运营路径。
The number and size of vocational education is increasing, yet due to the weak theoretical foundation, the limit of policy, especially the imbalance of the added value, it has caused block to the high efficient operation development of vocational education group. With the operation dilemma of Liaoning vocational group as the breakthrough, it explores the source of blocking the development, and draws three counter measures in establishing the theory, formulating the realistic policies and regulations, and breaking the original benefit presentation form, so as to improve the long termoperation way.

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职业教育集团是近年来兴起的高等职业教育的一种新型办学模式。从以下四个方面进行了分析：一是职业教育集团化办学的兴起及研究；二是我国职业教育集团化办学环境的现状分析；三是高等职业教育集团化办学机制建构原则；四是高等职业教育集团化办学机制建构策略。
Vocational education group is a new school running mode of higher occupation education rising in recent years. The paper carries on the analysis from the following four aspects:ifrstly, the rise and study on vocational education group;secondly, analysis on the current situation of vocational education group;the principle of the school-running mechanism construction of vocational education group;fourthly, the strategy of the school-running mechanism construction of vocational education group.

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组建医院集团,提高医院竞争力,品牌建设自始至终是贯穿医院集团的一项灵魂工程,是促进医院集团联动发展的重要抓手。通过分析制约集团内医院品牌建设的因素,探讨强化医院品牌建设与拓展的方法和途径,树立良好的医院形象,保证医院集团的健康发展。
Set up hospital group, improve the competitiveness of the hospital, brand construction is a soul project of hospital group from beginning to end.It is also an important means to promote joint development of hospi-tal group.Through the analysis of restrictive factors of hospital brand building within the group, the author dis-cussed the methods and approaches to strengthening hospital brand building and development, so as to set up the good hospital image, and ensure the healthy development of hospital group.

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医院集团在整合区域卫生资源中起到了重要作用,而集团人力资源管理仍缺乏系统的研究。以江苏省人民医院集团为例介绍了医院集团人力资源管理现状及存在的问题,从制定医院集团人力资源发展规划、建立一体化人力资源管理信息平台、一体化人才引进和培养机制及一体化激励机制等方面提出初步建议和对策,为有效促进医院集团人力资源管理发展提供参考依据。
Hospital group has been playing an important role in rearranging regional medical resources. However, few systematic researches have been done on human resource management within hospital group. The study investigated current human resource management in Jiangsu Province Hospital Group and presented some existing problems. Based on the problems, the study proposed some solutions and countermeasures in establishing scientific human resource planning, integrated information platform of human resource management and effective brain gain, training and encouragement mechanisms and therefore provided a basis for promoting human resource management in the hospital group.

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行业型职教集团是目前我国职教集团的主要类型之一，而运行机制是其运行良好的保障。可以划分为决策机制、动力机制、沟通协调机制和评价机制4个方面，在集团发展过程中各司其职，相辅相成，保证集团办学目标的实现。在具体建设策略上，可通过构建基于“章程”的制度框架体系与大力培育职教集团文化，促进行业型职教集团运行机制建设。
Industry-based vocational education group is one of the main types of vocational education groups in China, and the operation mechanism is the guarantee to make it operating well. The operation mechanism could be divided into 4 aspects, such as decision-making mechanism, dynamic mechanism, coordination mechanism and evaluation mechanism, which complement each other to ensure the realization of the goal of the group. From the concrete construction strategy of operating mechanism, the construction based on “constitution” of institutional framework system and cultivation of group culture could be used to improve existing problems of operating mechanism, so as to provide the beneficial reference for development of industry based vocational education group.

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