生态伦理学是一门新的伦理学,它超越了传统伦理学只关注人与人之间的关系,而是把焦点扩展到人与自然的关系。通过分析生态伦理学与传统伦理学的区别,可以提炼出生态伦理学"新"特点;并且结合党的最新方针政策,初步探讨生态伦理观指导生态文明建设的方法与建议。这对于中国特色社会主义生态文明建设有重要的指导意义。

Ecological ethics is a new ethics,which transcends the traditional ethics focusing on the relationship of people, but the focus is expanded to the relationship between human and nature.In this paper,by analyzing the difference between the ecological ethics and traditional ethics,extracting characteristics of “new”ecological ethics,and combining with the party''s poli-cies,it can preliminarily study the methods and suggestions of the construction of ecological civilization which is under the guide of ecological ethic.In a word,this study has important guiding significance for the construction of the Chinese characteristic so-cialism ecological civilization.

传统理性主义伦理学认为，道德是理性认识永恒的是非标准并通过自由意志指导行为的结果。休谟将经验主义贯彻到底，导致了伦理学方法论上的非形而上学转向，认为理性不能认识超经验的是非标准，因而自由意志和理性的能动作用就失去了依据，他进而提出情感才是道德区别的标准和伦理学研究的主要对象。休谟据此建立的以情感进步观为基本特征的德性伦理学对西方现代伦理学的发展产生了深远影响。

According to traditional rationalism ethics, a behavior is virtuous because it is guided by free will subject to reason that can find eternal standard about right and wrong. Hume carries through empiricism and leads to the turn of ethical methodology from metaphysics to non-metaphysics, and thinks reason can not obtain the metempirical standard about right and wrong, so there is no basis for the initiative of reason and free will. Furthermore Hume puts forward that moral sentiments are the main research objects of ethics, and are the standards which distinguish between virtues and vices. Hume has further established virtue ethics of sentimentalism, which is characterized by the view of the progress of sentiments, and which has a far-reaching impact on the development of modern western ethics.

现代语境中的伦理学面临着科技理性主义和市场商业化的双重挤压,致使伦理学原有的知识边界和学理方法均被突破.现代社会之公共生活领域与私人生活领域的日趋分化以及前者对后者日益增强的压迫,又使得伦理学在不得不承受双重挤压的同时,还经历着自身知识结构的急剧转型.凡此种种都给现代社会的伦理学和伦理学家提出了诸多新的理论课题,如何应对和处理这些课题,将不仅关系到作为一门经典人文科学的伦理学之未来发展,而且也将考验当代伦理学家承诺自身学术道义和理论责任的能力.

Ethics in the modem context iS under the dual pressure of scientific-technological rationality and market commercialization,which has led to breakthroughs in the original boundaries of knowledge and academic methodology.The gradual separation of the domain of public life and that of private life in modem society and the former''s increasing pressure on the latter,in addition to the above dual pressure on ethics,iS causing a dramatic transformation of the structure of ethical knowledge itself.All of these raise new theoretical problems for ethics and ethicists in the modem context.Answering and solving these problems makes sense for the future development of ethics as one of the classic humanities,and tests modem ethicists''ability to realize their moral and theoretical duties.

探讨生命伦理学的起源，并阐述了不同理论支持者的观点，发现无论准确的生命伦理学历史起源是什么，目前生命伦理学已经变成了一种真正的全球现象。它在全世界具有重要的意义，因为人类不仅仅是欧洲人或亚洲人，也是世界公民和一个全球道德共同体的成员。生命伦理学对任何地方、任何人都是重要的，并不是因为它是“拿来”的，而是因为它提供了一个普遍的框架去解释和管理正在经历的变化，这个变化包括了目前所有的国家和文化。然而，这个框架的解释和应用必须依据本土环境。因此，现代生命伦理学具有全球性和本土特征的特点。

This paper started the discussion of the origin of bioethics ,demonstrated the opinions of believers of different stories ,and led to the conclusions .Whatever the precise historic provenance of bioethics ,it has currently turned into a truly global phenomenon .It is very important around the world ,because people are not only European or Asian ,but also residents of the world and members of a global moral community .Bioethics is important for everyone everywhere ,not because it is imported or imposed ,but it provides a universal framework to interpret and manage the constantly changes ,in which all countries and cultures are involved currently .However ,the interpretation and application of this framework must respect the local circumstance .Therefore ,modern bioethics must be characterized by both its global nature and local characteristics .

中美两国都很重视医者人文素质的培养，都重视医学伦理学教学。在与芝加哥大学的交流活动中，武汉大学积极总结经验，锐意改革，取得了若干成果。其值得推广的经验包括：注重医学伦理教育的持续性，构建长效教育机制；注重医学基础课程的道德教化功能，形成隐性的医德渗透机制；注重临床医生的参与，确立理论与实践的融通机制；审视中国传统文化特色与医疗现状，培育域外教学方法的本土化机制；重视医学伦理学学科建设，建立生命伦理学与医学伦理学的整合机制。

Both the USA and China attache great importance to the cultivation of medical humanistic education ,emphasizing the teaching of medical ethics .Wuhan University summarizes the experience actively and determines to reform during the communication with Chicago University .Some experience is worthy of promoting ,such as pay attention to the continuity of the cultivation of medical ethics education ,to establish a long-term mechanism ;Pay attention to the moral educational function of medical foundation ,to create a recessive infiltrative mechanism ;Pay attention to the participation of clinicians , to construct a mechanism of the combination of theory with practice ;Pay attention to the characteristics of Chinese traditional culture and status quo of medical care service , to foster the mechanism for localization of foreign teaching method .And pay attention to the construction of discipline of medical ethics to develop a mechanism for the integration of medical ethics and bioethics .