离焦补偿是空间光学相机获得良好成像品质的关键。文章基于空间光学相机的技术特点分析其离焦补偿方法，提出调节三镜的离焦补偿方法。利用CODE V光学软件对某高性能光学小相机的光学系统进行仿真分析，获得离焦补偿精度、离焦补偿范围与系统成像品质的关系。为保证光学系统对移动三镜倾角控制要求，对三镜调焦机构直线精度及其力学稳定性进行了测试，最后对相机进行了地面外景成像验证与在轨测试。仿真及试验测试结果表明，调节三镜能有效地补偿空间三反相机在轨各因素引起的系统离焦，满足相机在轨成像品质要求。

Defocus compensation is the key to obtain high quality image for the space optical camera. The mechanism of defocus compensation is investigated based on the technical characteristics of space optical camera. A way to compensate the defocus through adjusting the tertiary mirror is proposed. Optical system of a high-performance optical camera is simulated by optical software CODE V. The correlation between image quality of the system and defocus compensation precision, defocus compensation range and other parameters are obtained. In order to ensure angle control requirements when mobiling the tertiary mirror for the optical system, linear precision and its mechanical stability are tested for the tertiary mirror focusing mechanism. At last,Both ground scenery imaging and orbit test are carried out for the camera. Simulation analysis and ex-perimental results demonstrate that for a coaxial three-mirror camera on orbit, adjusting its tertiary mirror can compensate system defocus

大相对孔径变焦系统在像差补偿自由度较少的光学补偿式变焦系统中,通常需采用较多的镜片才能完成像差校正,导致系统体积和质量不甚理想。通过合理分配变焦参数,优化变焦系统结构,并进行非球面与衍射面复合叠加设计,完成了一个仅含8片透镜的光学补偿式变焦系统。相对孔径1∶1.8,采用320像素×240像素制冷焦平面探测器,工作波段3μm~5μm,变倍比为5×,实现了30mm/60mm/90mm/150mm四档变焦,冷光阑效率100%。折叠光路后,体积约为210mm×100mm×85mm,结构紧凑,以较少的镜片数辅以机械结构的光学补偿变焦方式有效减轻了整机质量。

Optical system with a large relative aperture has a larger entrance pupil than its coun-terparts w hen their focal lengths are equal ,so more energy collected and further distance detec-ted .But due to its large aperture ,the aberrations increase ,w hich requires more lenses to cor-rect and consequently cause application restrictions by volume and weight .To tackle this is-sue ,zoom parameters were calculated and optimized reasonably ,moreover by adopting com-pounded aspheric and diffractive surfaces ,a reimaging zoom mid-wave infrade (MWIR) system with only 8 lenses was designed .The F number is 1 .8 and the spectrum is 3μm~5μm .For a 320 × 240 pixels detector with cooled focal plane array (FPA) ,the magnification is 5× ,and the four fields of view (FOVs) are 30 mm/60 mm/90 mm/150 m .The optical aperture stop mat-ches the detector''s and the cold stop efficiency is equal to 100% .Two reflective mirrors are ap-plied to fold the optical path ,giving a compact volume of aro

根据回转对称曲面的特点，利用轨迹包络的原理建立了一种光学曲面磨削的数学模型；分析砂轮半径误差和砂轮定位误差对回转对称光学曲面面形精度的影响；针对回转对称曲面建立了误差模型，将砂轮半径误差和砂轮定位误差进行分离和辨识；利用误差补偿机制补偿磨削过程中砂轮半径误差和砂轮定位误差，提高了回转对称曲面精度；在自主研发的磨床上通过实验验证了这种误差补偿机制的有效性。

According to the characteristics of rotary symmetrical surface and the principle of track envelope, a mathematical model on optical surface grinding was established. The surface figure error of rotation symmetric surface induced by the position error and radius error of grinding wheel was analyzed. The error model of rotation symmetric surface was established, and then position error and radius error of grinding wheel was identified and separated. The error compensation method of position error and radius error was used to improve the surface figure accuracy of rotation symmetric curved surface. Based on the grinding machine developed by National University of Defense Technology, the compensation method was proved to be effective, and bring instructive guide for grinding of this kind workpiece.

重点分析了采用多层套筒与波形弹簧垫圈相结合进行热补偿的红外机械消热差镜头,根据光学软件给出的离焦量设计热补偿结构,并运用ANSYS软件对热补偿结构进行了热变形分析。经过试验测试表明,采用多层套筒实现热补偿的镜头在-40~+60℃的范围内成像质量良好。

An mechanical athermalization infrared lens which used multi-layer sleeve and wave spring washer combi-ning thermal compensation was emphatically analyzed.According to the defocus amount given by optical software todesign thermal compensation structure,the thermal compensation structure was analyzed by ANSYS.Test shows thatthe lenses which used multi-layer sleeve and wave spring washer combining thermal compensation has favorable per-formance between -40℃and +60℃.

受光学材料折射率、光学加工以及光学装校等误差因素的影响,宽视场短焦子系统和窄视场长焦子系统组成的两挡变焦光学系统的实际像面均偏离理想像面即发生像面漂移,但漂移量不同,导致两子系统产生不齐焦现象。为了解决此问题,以某型载荷中波红外两挡变焦光学系统设计为例,分析齐焦设计时定长焦调短焦和定短焦调长焦两种设计方案的优缺点。比较了定长焦调短焦3种方法,即调变倍组与补偿组、调变倍组和调补偿组的补偿量与长焦焦距变化情况,定短焦调长焦3种方法,即调变倍组与补偿组、调变倍组和调补偿组的补偿量与短焦焦距变化情况,指出定长焦调短焦、单调补偿组的齐焦设计方案为最优方案。

Switch-zoom optical system is composed of the subsystem with wide field of view and the subsystem with narrow field of view .Due to the errors from many aspects such as the re-fractive index of optical material ,the optical manufacturing and assembling ,the actual image surfaces of both subsystem deviate from their ideal image surfaces ,and the drifts are different , that is ,the two subsystems are not confocal .To solve the problem ,a variety of confocal de-sign schemes ,the selection principle and an optimal scheme w hich fixed long focus and adjus-ted short focus ,adjusted the compensating set for a mid-wave infrared (MWIR) switch-zoom optical system were given .