目的分析归纳军事飞行人员劳损退变性颈椎疾病的发病情况。方法检索Medline、Pubmed、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国生物医学期刊引文数据库、中华医学会数字化期刊全文数据库、维普中文生物医学期刊、中国学术期刊全文数据库,时间范围从各数据库起始收录年至2013年6月有关飞行人员劳损退变性颈椎疾病发病率的相关文献。依据荟萃分析原则,从调查方法、研究对象、样本量、调查结果、研究机构等方面对入选文献进行分析,将文献质量等级分为A~D共4级。分析文献的科学价值,归纳总结这类颈椎病的发病情况。结果共检索出军事飞行人员劳损退变性颈椎疾病相关中文文献121篇,英文文献393篇。其中与发病率有关中文文献12篇,英文文献22篇;A级2篇,B级7篇,C级17篇,D级8篇。飞行相关颈痛发病率为57.98%,颈椎病发病率为32.53%,住院率为5.42%,神经根型颈椎病发病率为0.50%。颈腰椎疾病军事飞行人员住院疾病构成比为10.01%,占停飞疾病的10.60%,均居第一位。结论近60%军事飞行人员会发生飞行相关性颈痛,颈椎病的发病率高达30%以上。颈腰椎疾病是军事飞行人员住院和停飞的第一大病种。

Objective Our goal was to analyze and conclude the incidence of degenerative and sprained/strained cervical spine diseases in military aviators.Methods We systematically searched Medline and Pubmed from 1950,CMB from 1978,CMCI from 1994,CMADP from 1998,CMJD from 1989 and CHKD from 1994 to June 2013 for literatures about incidence of degenerative and sprained/strained cervical spine diseases in military aviators,and critically reviewed literature.Then we assessed the quality of the literatures using a 4-grade scale, concerning study design,objects,sample size,results and research institutes,and concluded the incidence of disease.Results Of 121 Chinese literatures and 393 English literatures related to degenerative and sprained/strained cervical spine diseases in military aviators,12 Chinese literatures and 22 English literatures,concerning incidence of the disease,were accepted.There were 2 literatures in grade A,7 in grade B,17 in grade C,8 in grade D.Incidence of neck pain related to

目的：了解飞行人员躯体疼痛与相关病症的情况。方法通过对空军飞行人员问卷调查，了解军事飞行人员颈、肩、腰、背、腿痛与新发肌肉骨骼系统疾病情况，以及有关缓解措施。结果腰痛患病率最高（38.7%），腿痛患病率最低（15.6％）；1年内新发腰肌劳损的发病率最高（28.7%），背肌劳损的发病率最低（8.1%），且发病情况呈现明显的机种特点。引发躯体不同部位疼痛的主要因素为飞行加速度（G）值、头盔重量、飞行日留空时间、座舱座椅舒适度及体育锻炼损伤等；改进人机工效设计、加强肌肉锻炼，以及理疗、按摩等措施可有效预防和缓解疼痛不适。结论军事飞行人员躯体疼痛的患病率因部位不同而异，且呈明显机种特点，应采取综合保障措施进行有效防治。

ObjectiveTo understand the military aircrew’s pains and related disorders at different positions of the body.MethodsThrough the questionnaire for military aircrew, the military aircrew''s neck, shoulder, waist, back and leg pain disease situation, and new diseases of the musculoskeletal system was surveyed, and mitigation measures were taken. ResultsAccording to the survey, incidence of low back pain in aircrew was the highest (38.7%) and incidence of leg pain was the lowest (15.6%). In the new diseases of the musculoskeletal system within 1 year in military aircrew, the highest incidence of lumbar muscle strain accounted for 28.7%, and the lowest incidence of back muscle strain accounted for 8.1%, which indicated that infection situation presented the aircraft type characteristics obviously. The main factors of different parts of body pains were due to flight G values, helmet weight, flight time, cockpit seat comfort and exercise injury, etc. Improving ergonomic design, str

目的初步探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（CHD）军事飞行人员支架术后医学鉴定的原则及方法。方法回顾分析7例低性能飞机军事飞行人员患CHD经支架术治疗后医学鉴定情况,随访观察恢复飞行情况,探讨其医学鉴定原则。结果 7例飞行人员冠心病患者41~55岁,诊断为无症状性心肌缺血3例,不稳定性心绞痛2例,急性前壁心肌梗死1例,急性广泛前壁心肌梗死1例;冠脉造影证实冠脉1支病变4例（其中1例分叉病变）,2支病变1例,3支病变2例。均分别行介入治疗,植入支架1~5枚,术后规律经他汀类药物降血脂、阿司匹林＋氯吡格雷双联抗血小板聚集、β受体阻断剂等药物治疗,经1个月康复疗养及6个月地面观察,返院化验血脂、血糖、肝肾功、血尿酸,复查心电图、次极量平板运动试验、ECT负荷心肌扫描、Holter、冠脉造影等检查,对其中4例无明显冠脉狭窄、病情平稳无临床症状、无心肌缺血客观表现、心血管系统功能正常,且冠心病危险因素控制良好者予以有条件恢复飞行,随访22~48个月,平均年飞行120~400 h,飞行耐力良好。结论低性能飞机军事飞行人员CHD患者经冠脉支架术行完全血运重建,术后恢复良好,心血管功能正常,危险因素得到有效控制,再发心血管事件风险显著减低,可在严格医学监督下恢复飞行。

Objective We aimed to study the principles and methods of aero-medical assessment of military aviators with coronary heart disease (CHD) after percuteneous coronary artery stents. Methods Clinical data about 7 military aviators of low performance aircrafts with CHD diagnosed by coronary angiography and performed with percuteneous coronary artery stents was analyzed. These aviators were followed up to further establish the principles of aero-medical assessment for their re-flying.Results 7 aviators aged from 41 to 55 years old,including 3 cases with latent coronary heart disease,2 cases with unstable angina,1 case with anterior wall acute myocardial infarction and 1 case with extensive anterior wall acute myocardial infarction.There were 4 cases with single-vessel lesion (including 1 bifucationg leision),1 case with two-vessel lesion and 2 cases with three-vessel lesion.These aviators were all performed with percuteneous coronary artery stents and implanted 1-5 stents.After stent implan

目的综合评价不同地域招收飞行学员医学选拔指标整体水平,寻找飞行学员选拔内容中地域差异的主要指标,为建立飞行学员医学选拔地域空间分布模型奠定基础,同时为选拔飞行学员地域指标分配提供科学依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,根据招收飞行学员体检号随机抽取某年度空军招收飞行学员共计290名,在整理招飞体检数据、问卷调查飞行学员人口学基本特征、完善心肺功能等特殊检查的基础上,按照地域编号分组,采用Epidata3.02建立数据库,SAS 9.13进行数据统计分析。结果 7个不同地域招收飞行学员医学选拔指标之间不存在显著差异,均在正常参考值范围;7个组之间心理选拔总评分、高考文化成绩存在差异,心理选拔成绩E地区最高,中位数为6.35(四分位数5.30~6.80),A地区最低,中位数为5.30(四分位数4.90~6.00)。高考成绩D地区最高,中位数为572分(四分位数547~582分),G地区最低,中位数为495分(四分位数481~503分),不同地区飞行学员文化成绩分布与该地区当年度高考成绩分布不一致。结论军事飞行作为特殊职业具有显著的地域相关性,其相关性主要体现在心理和文化素质方面,而进一步对飞行学员地域适宜性相关的自然环境、人文社会和种族遗传等因素进行系统研究,阐明飞行人员空间分布特点,建立飞行学员选拔空间分布决策咨询模型,对制订招收飞行学员地域分配方案具有重要的指导意义。

Objective To evaluate the medical indexes for student pilots from different areas , to discover the major different indexes between different areas ,and to establish the space distribution model of military pilots .Methods A cross-section survey was conducted among student pilots , and 290 student pilots sampled as respondents were interviewed with questionnaires and subjected to a physical examination , involving distant vision , heart function , and pulmonary function , before a database was established , cleaned and analyzed by EpiData 3.02, SAS 9.13 with double checking .Results There was no difference between the medical indexes of student pilots from 7 areas, but the psychological selection performance record and the entrance examination record were different .Student pilots from area E had the highest psychological selection performance record while those from area D had the highest entrance examination record .Conclusion Student pilots have area difference ,so we should pay clo