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双语推荐：出菇

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免割保湿栽培解决了培养料的保水和通气问题，出菇过程中子实体凭自身生长的力量破袋出菇，无需繁琐的划袋工序。与脱袋出菇和划口出菇两种生产方式比较，秋冬菇产量分别增加12．5％和14．2％，同时香菇质量提高，优质菇比例增加20％以上。
Lentinus edodes cultivation technology of breaking free and moisturizing can solve the problem of water retention and ventilation of culture material ,fruit bodies can break the bag by it-self in the process of fruiting ,instead of tedious manual bag-breaking process .The yield of au-tumn-winter mushroom increase respectively by 12 .5% and 14 .2% ,compared with fruiting ways of bag-removing and bag-breaking ,at the same time ,the quality of Lentinus edodes was improved and the ratio of high-quality mushrooms is more than 20% .

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研究不同栽培方式对杏鲍菇产量的影响,结果表明:不同栽培方式对杏鲍菇的出菇时间和产量都有较大影响,采取半袋竖式覆土出菇法,现蕾天数较短,产量较高,适宜在生产中推广。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different cultivation methods on the yield of pleurotus eryngii. The results showed that different cultivation had great effects on sprout time and yield of pleurotus eryngii.The treatment with upright earthing and 1/2 edible fungi planting sack showed shorter budding time,high yield and efficiency. It was fit for applying and spreading.

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为筛选适于黑龙江省冷凉气候条件生产的优良双孢菇生产菌株,本研究从双孢菇产区引进5个主栽品种,以稻草、牛粪为原料经二次发酵,棚室内进行栽培对比试验,对各双孢菇菌株菌丝长势、出菇周期、子实体经济性状和产量进行比较分析。结果表明：双孢菇2796在冷凉气候下栽培萌发吃料快,出菇早,菇形洁白圆整,产量高,生物转化率达60.9%,可在我省推广应用。
To optimize the production strain of Agaricus bisporus which are suitable to grow at low temperature in Heilongjiang, five major cultivars form production areas of Agaricus bisporus were used for cultivation experiment in the greenhouse. Some properties,such as mycelial growth,fruiting period,the economic character and the yield of sporocarp,were analyzed during cultivation process using secondary fermented rice straw and cow dung as raw material. Results showed that Agaricus bisporus 2796 was the optimal cultivar. It could convert 60. 9 % of raw material to sporocarp. Moreover,the mycelia grew fast,the sporocarp formed early,the shape of sporocarp was white,round and tidy,and the yield was the highest.

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选取桑木屑为栽培料,以熟料袋栽方式进行猪肚菇的栽培出菇试验,通过对比分析,探讨利用不同比例的桑木屑栽培猪肚菇的生物学效率和经济效益,筛选出猪肚菇最适桑木屑栽培配方。结果表明,在不同比例的桑木屑配方中,猪肚菇栽培的各配方中子实体生长及生物学效率都较好,配方C表现最好,生物学效率达到79.31%,说明用桑木屑代替阔叶树木屑栽培猪肚菇是完全可行的。由于桑木屑的成本较杂木屑低,而且有利于提高猪肚菇的产量和效益,值得推广应用。
Taking mulberry sawdust as cultivation material, the production test of Panus giganteus (Berk.) Comer cultivation with sterilized material was carried out. Through the comparison and analysis, biological efficiency and economic benefits of the mediums with different proportion of mulberry sawdust were discussed. The optimum formula of mulberry sawdust for cultivating Panus giganteus (Berk.) Comer was selected. The results of different proportion of mulberry sawdust cultivation test showed the fruiting body growth and biological conversion were better. The best treatment is formula C with the biological efficiency of 79.31%. It is completely feasible that mulberry sawdust takes the place of broadleaf tree sawdust to cultivate Panus giganteus (Berk.) Comer. The mulberry sawdust is worth to generalize for increasing the production and benefit of Panus giganteus and decreasing the cost.

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考察15个秀珍菇（Pleurotus geesterani ）菌株的主要农艺性状,并从14个引物中筛选出7个 ISSR 引物对其基因组DNA进行 PCR 扩增,分析其 DNA序列多态性。结果表明,参试秀珍菇 P02、P03、P04号菌株原基形成时间最短,接种34 d后开始现蕾；“农秀1号”最适出菇温度为20＆#177;2.0℃,P05、P14可以在较高温度出菇；“农秀1号”、P02、P03、P04产量较高。参试秀珍菇菌株遗传相似系数为0.66~1.00；采用UPGMA分析表明,在0.87处可将这15个秀珍菇菌株分成3类。
Selected agronomic characteristics of 1 5 Pleurotus geesterani strains sourced from different Chinese provinces were compared.Primordium formation by strains P02,P03,P04 occurred within the shortest time period (34 d),and these strains,together with the in-house bred strain “nongxiu 1”,also produced the highest fruit body yields.Optimal fruiting temperatures varied between 19 ℃ (P12)and 25 ℃ (P05,P14);five strains (P06,P07,P13,P15 and “nongxiu 1”)had an optimal fruiting temperature of 20 ℃,Strains were differentiated on the basis of ISSR markers generated using seven of 14 pre-selected primers.Genetic similarity coefficients (GSC)varied between 0.66~1.00,and the 15 strains formed three groups at a GSC level of 0.87.

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用金福菇菌糠作为鸡腿菇的主要栽培基质，以菌丝生长速度、产量和生物转化率为指标，设计5种不同培养基配方进行试验。筛选出供试鸡腿菇菌株的最优培养基配方为：68%金福菇菌糠、20%棉籽皮、10%麸皮、2%石灰；另外，以金福菇菌糠作为鸡腿菇栽培的主要基质，还能降低生产成本，提高经济效益。
10.3865/j.issn.1001-3547.2013.08.010

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以5种莲子壳粉不同配比配方栽培茶树菇,筛选出了莲子壳粉适合袋栽茶树菇的较优配方:莲子壳粉52%、棉籽壳26%、麦麸20%、石灰2%。采用该配方袋栽茶树菇,菌包菌丝生长较快,34 d菌丝长满菌包,出菇周期短,产量高,4批茶树菇每个菌包平均产量达到341.5 g干菇,生物转化率达68.30%,优于棉子壳袋栽茶树菇的产量。为莲子壳废弃物的利用开辟了新用途。
Five different formulas of lotus seed hull powder were used to cultivate Agrocybe cylindracea in bags, and an opti-mized formula was screened out as follows:lotus seed hull powder 52%, cotton seed hull 26%, wheat bran 20%, and lime 2%. When this optimized formula was used to cultivate Agrocybe cylindracea in bags, the mycelia grew rapidly , and they filled with the fungi bag in 34 days;the period of fruiting was short , and the average yield of dry Agrocybe cylindracea was high and reached 341. 5 g/bag in 4 batches of cultivation , which was higher than that of dry Agrocybe cylindracea cultivated in bags with cotton seed hull;its biological efficiency was 68.30%.This study opened up a new road for reusing the lotus seed hull waste .

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以甘蔗渣为主料,啤酒糟为主要辅料,通过研究姬菇6号、新选700、特抗650和夏抗50菌丝生长速度、长势和生物转化率等指,标优化出比较适合蔗渣栽培的平菇品种和栽培配方。正交实验极差结果显示,影响4个平菇生物转化率的主次因素为啤酒糟麸皮。实验结果表明,添加适宜的麸皮是蔗渣栽培平菇增产的关键;姬菇6号、新选700、特抗650和夏抗50均在配方4(A2B3)上生物转化率最高,即啤酒糟15%、麸皮10%的配方上生物转化率最大,其生物转化率分别为160.06%、140.89%、178.75%和125.87%。结合4个菌株出菇时的农艺性状得出,姬菇6号比较适合以甘蔗渣为主料,啤酒糟为辅料的培养基栽培。
In order to acquire suitable mushroom strain and planting material formulation mainly containing bagasse and brewer''s grains for cultivating Pleurotus, three indicators mycelial growth rate, growth resistance and biological conversion of Jigu 6, Xinxuan700, Tekang650 and Xiakang50 were measured respectively. Based on the orthogonal experiment, the primary factor that affecting the biological conversion efficiency of the four mushrooms was brewer''s grains, followed by bran. Moreover, adding suitable bran is the key for improving the production of mushrooms when cultivated using bagasse. As the results shown, all mushroom strains reached the highest biological conversion in the formulation 4(A2B3), in which the percentages of brewer''s grains and wheat bran were 15% and 10%. The largest biological conversion efficiency was achieved by TeKang 650 (178.75%), followed by JiGu 6 (160.06%) and XinXuan 700 (140.89%),with the slowest came to XiaKang 50 (125.87%). Combined with the a

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以杏鲍菇、面粉为主要原料,采用高盐稀醪发酵技术生产杏鲍菇酱油,以氨基酸态氮得率为指标,通过单因素及正交试验法筛选出最优生产条件。结果得出杏鲍菇酱油的生产条件为杏鲍菇∶面粉为5∶3（g/g）,食盐水浓度为18°Be,酱醪含水量为65%,发酵温度为45℃。所制得的酱油色泽鲜亮,具有浓郁的杏鲍菇香气,风味独特。
With Pleurotus eryngii and flour as the main raw materials,Pleurotus eryngii soy sauce is processed through high-salt liquid state fermentation.The yield of amino acid nitrogen is as the index, the optimum condition is determined through single-factor and orthogonal tests.The results show that the production conditions of Pleurotus eryngii soy sauce are as follows:the ratio of Pleurotus eryngii to flour is 5∶3(g/g),the concentration of salt water is 18°Bé,the water content of soy sauce mash is 65%,the fermentation temperature is 45 ℃.The Pleurotus eryngii soy sauce has bright color,rich Pleurotus eryngii fragrance and unique flavor.

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为了筛选适宜北京地区地栽的香菇品种，采用品种比较的方法，从菌株发菌速度以及子实体颜色、大小和产量方面，对香菇菌株L26和武香1号与当地主栽香菇品种香菇18（ CK）进行了比较研究。结果表明：香菇菌株L26和武香1号均可以作为北京地区地栽香菇品种。其中，菌株L26作为高温季节的地栽菇具有产量高、菇质好的特点，但菌丝耐高温能力较弱，发菌管理后期要注意降温、通风；武香1号菇质略差，但转潮快、出菇集中，产量与L18相当，由于其发菌转色速度较慢、出菇时间较迟，因此栽培时应将制棒时间适当提前。
In order to select the earthing shiitake varieties suitable for planting in Beijing area , adopt the method of varieties comparison, the mushroom strain L26, Wuxiang No.1 and the local mushroom varieties 18 ( CK) were compared from the aspects of fungus speed, fruiting body color, size and production.The results showed that the strain L26 and Wuxiang No.1 could be used as earthing shiitake varieties suitable for planting in Beijing area.Among them , strain L26 as the earthing shiitake planted in high temperature season also had high production and quality, but the resistance of hypha to high temperature was weaker, mushroom shed should be cooling and ventilated in management later.Wuxiang No.1 had slightly worse mushroom mass, but turned tide fast, out mushroom concentrated, little difference in yield with L18, due to the slower color change speed and the later out mushroom time, the rod making time should be appropriate advanced.

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