武则天时期的劝农性科责无论对象还是惩罚的力度都与中国古代历史上通常的劝农形式有别。究其根源，一方面是由于武则天将劝农与官吏考课联系起来，并辅之以严厉的监察，促使地方官员进一步向基层吏员和百姓施压，从而导致严厉的科罚。另一方面，武则天时期出现大量浮户，劝农与科责既是在民户逃亡后保证农业生产继续的手段，也是巩固劝农政绩、招徕户口归农的措施。武则天时期的劝农性科责从某种程度上保证了这一阶段农业经济的发展，但政府的“劝农”本质最终还是促使劝农官与基层农业生产管理日益疏离，劝农愈趋形式化。

The Quannong and penalty of Wuzetian period is obviously different from ordinary Quannong in Chinese history by obj ect or punishment dynamics.There are two reasons.On the one hand,Wuzetian had associated Qannong with official assessment and severe supervision resulted in lo-cal officials penalty to grassroots managers and the people.On the other hand,the Quannong and pen-alty was also an action of ensuring agricultural production,consolidating the Quannong achievement and accepting to farmers.The Quannong and penalty of Wuzetian period had ensured the development of agricultural economy in a way,but the essence of the government''s Quannong would take the for-malization with the alienation between Quannong officials and management of agriculture production.

在农民与国家的关系上,唐宋相比发生了很大的变化。表现在国家对农民助恤方式的变化上,具体包括在助农政策上,劝农官员的设置和职掌、土地管理的方法和效果、减免税役的对象和内容、农业技术推广的政策和方式等都有所变化。这些反映的是唐宋国家与农民关系的深刻变化,唐宋相比,国家与农民的关系发生了转型。

The relationship between farmers and the State in the Tang and Song Dynasties changed a lot .The changes of the way of assisting farmers by the State are reflected in the national policies , including the setting of agricultural officials ,the methods and effects of land management , the objects and contents of reducing taxes , the policies and ways of agricultural technology extension .The changes reflect the transition of the relationship between the State and farmers .