为了获得控释肥包衣剂的制备条件、探明其理化性质，以2种树脂为成膜材料，探讨了成膜材料复合比、成膜材料用量、增塑剂用量、乳化剂用量等单因素对控释肥包衣剂制备效果的影响，运用正交试验L9（34）确定了控释肥包衣剂制备的最佳条件；并对其pH、粘度、成膜时间、成膜性、衣膜水溶性、包衣均匀度、包衣脱落率等理化性质进行了测定。结果表明，控释肥包衣剂的最佳制备条件：树脂JZ与BZ复合比1：1.5，成膜材料用量12%，增塑剂用量0.8%，乳化剂用量1.0%，色素用量0.08%，乙酸乙酯用量86.12%。理化性质测定结果显示：pH 5.21，粘度为21.1 MPa/s，成膜性良好，衣膜不溶于水，成膜时间为6 min，包衣均匀度95%，包衣脱落率〈8%，表明所制备的控释肥包衣剂理化性质良好。

To obtain the preparation conditions and explore the physico-chemical properties of coating-agent for controlled release fertilizer, the single factor tests of the composite ratio of film-forming materials, the amount of film-forming materials, plasticizer, emulsifier and pigment were made with two resins as the film-forming materials, and the optimal preparation conditions of coating-agent for controlled-fertilizer were determined by orthogonal test L9(34). The physico-chemical properties of the pH, viscosity, film-forming time, film-forming properties, water solubility of coated film, coating uniformity, coating-off rate were measured. The results showed that, the optimal preparation conditions were as follows:the composite ratio (JZ:BZ) was 1:1.5, amount of film-forming materials was 12%, plasticizer was 0.8%, emulsifier was 1.0%, pigment was 0.08% and solvent was 86.12%. Test results of physico-chemical properties showed that, the pH was 5.21, viscosity was 21.1 MPa/s, the film was

目的利用弥散加权成像评估外周叶前列腺癌包膜外扩散敏感性和分级。方法 51例患者在前列腺切除术前行3.0T磁共振检查。由2名放射医师应用T2WI评估外周叶包膜外扩散情况,应用ADC图显示及ADC值测量肿瘤和包膜外扩散情况。病理学专家测量包膜外扩散的程度。结果 28/102叶发现包膜外扩散,12例测量≦1mm,11例测量1mm和≦2mm,5例测量2mm。2名放射医师在T2WI图上检测每叶具体包膜外扩散准确性分别为68.6%、74.5%,ADC图分别显示肿瘤为66.7%、60.8%,ADC值测量分别为75.5%、69.6%。对于包膜外扩散2mm,2名放射医师利用ADC图或测量ADC值的敏感性为100%,T2WI为80%;对于包膜外扩散≦2mm,除经验不足放射医师应用T2WI检出包膜外扩散敏感性为17.4%,2名放射医师用3种方法检出包膜外扩散敏感性为58.3%-81.8%。2名放射医师应用3种方法检出结果一致性分别为0.18、0.37、0.60。结论 DWI对于评估每个外周叶前列腺癌包膜外扩散术明显准确于T2WI,尤其对于经验不足放射医师评估包膜外扩散2mm,并且放射医师间评估结果更为一致。

Objective To assess the utility of diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) findings as an indirect marker of side-specific risk of extracapsular extension (ECE) of prostate cancer. Methods Fifty-one patients underwent 3Tmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before prostatectomy. Radiologists 1 and 2 assessed each side for ECE using T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and evaluated apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps for the presence of apparent tumor in each lobe and to measure peripheral zone ADC. A uropathologist measured the extent of any ECE. Results In all, 28/102 lobes had ECE, of which 12 measured≦1 mm, 11 measured>1 mm and≦2 mm, and five measured>2 mm. Side-specific accuracies for detection of ECE for readers 1 and 2 were respectively on T2WI:68.6% and 74.5%; presence of apparent tumor on ADC map 66.7% and 60.8%; ADC value 75.5% and 69.6%. For ECE>2 mm, both readers achieved 100% sensitivity based on apparent tumor on ADC map or ADC values and 80% sensitivity using T2WI. For detect

总结假体乳房重建术后包膜挛缩及其与假体（生物材料）植入后感染的相关性的研究进展，为乳腺外科防治生物材料感染及相关并发症提供有益帮助。在pubme数据库检索SCI收录英文文献，关键词为“Staphylococcus epidermidis，biomaterial，biofilms，subclinical infection，capsular contracture”。CNKI数据库检索中文文献，关键词为“表皮葡萄球菌，生物材料，生物膜，包膜挛缩”。对检索到的文献进行初审，选取有关包膜挛缩发生及防治，假体植入术后感染，生物材料植入与表皮葡萄球菌感染及亚临床感染与包膜挛缩相关性研究文献近90篇，排除重复性研究，选择其中有代表性的35篇进行综述。（1）包膜挛缩是假体重建术后最常见的并发症；（2）表皮葡萄球菌是假体植入术后感染最常见的致病菌，生物膜的形成是导致感染发生的关键因素；（3）感染引起的局部炎症反应导致大量的炎细胞聚集，刺激纤维母细胞增生，合成胶原纤维，胶原合成与降解失衡，导致包膜组织的异常纤维化而发生挛缩。表皮葡萄球菌生物膜相关的假体植入术后感染对包膜挛缩的发生发展起重要作用。进一步提高假体（生物材料）的相容性，抑制或阻断生物膜的形成，对假体植入后感染相关的包膜挛缩的防治具有重要临床价值和意义。

To sum up progress in capsular contracture following breast reconstructure and its correction with subclinical (biofilm) infection. Provide useful help to breast surgeons to prevent and cambat the implant-associated infection. A computer-based on line search of the related articles published in English in pubmed database and articles published in Chinese in CNKI database with the key words of "Staphylococcus epidermidis, biomaterial, biofilms, infection, capsular contracture". All the articles were selected firstly to choose those about the occurrence and prevention of capsular contracture, infection following prosthesis implantation, implanted biomaterial associated infection and biofilm of staphylococcus epidermidis and subclinical infection causes capsular contracure. Totally 90 articals were collected and the repeated researches were excluded,35 articles were selected to review. (1)Capsular contracture has remained the most significant clinical complication of breast reconstructure

根据天津武清地区设施菜田施肥状况,进行不同缓控释氮肥在设施菠菜上的试验探究,分析不同氮肥在菠菜的长势、产量、收益等方面的差异及对土壤环境的影响。结果表明,施用促根剂包膜尿素的菠菜667 m2产量和667 m2净收益最高。对于不同氮肥,无包膜尿素的硝态氮含量在土层表现上明显下移;有包膜尿素中,除高分子聚合物包膜尿素,其余尿素包膜中均有活性物质,起到增效作用,施用前期效果好,但高分子聚合物包膜尿素的肥效期长,施用后期还会继续释放。因此,选用适当缓控肥料非常必要。本研究对提高氮肥利用率与不同作物增产增效具有重要意义。

It is great significance that would study the application and effect of different slow-release nitrogen(N) fertilizers. This paper described the research progress on fertilizers coated and vegetable development status in Wuqing district, and carried out with different slow-release N fertilizers to explore the spinaches, then analyzed the data and discussed the different fertilizers in spinach growing, production, income and other differences, and the impact on soil environment after applying fertilizers. The results showed that application of coated urea with promoting root could receive the highest spinach yield and net return. For non-coated urea, the content of nitrate in soil moved significantly down;In addition to polymer coated urea, other coated urea was both the remaining active substances and application of good effect early, but polymer had a long coated urea efficiency period, the application would continue to be released lately. So, the choice of appropriate slow-release fe

Ⅰ型人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1) env基因编码的包膜糖蛋白是该病毒的重要抗原成分,又是HIV-1中最易变异的组分.env基因的变异导致其编码氨基酸的数目和种类改变,由此导致的包膜糖蛋白结构改变会影响包膜中和表位暴露和诱导中和抗体产生的能力.研究表明,HIV-1包膜糖蛋白氨基酸序列、可变区长度以及潜在糖基化位点(PNGS)均会影响疾病进程及病毒的中和敏感性.

The envelope glycoprotein encoded by the env gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is the most important antigen component.The env gene is highly variable.The mutation will result in the changes of number and the type of amino acid which may cause the changes in the structure of envelope glycoprotein as well as in the epitope exposure and neutralizing antibody response.A number of studies show that HIV-1 Env amino acid sequence,the length of the variable regions and PNGS(potential N-linked glycosylation sites)affect viral neutralization sensitivity and disease progression.