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双语推荐：医案

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中医医案是中医学的宝贵财富,整理研究中医医案是发展中医学术、提高临床水平的一条重要途径。从古代医案和近现代医案、个案和类案、验案和误案、地域差异与医案特色等几个方面,从时代、数量、疗效、地域等角度对中医医案加以探讨,阐发其各自的特点及其价值,有助于认识中医医案特色,拓展医案研究思路,促进中医医案学的发展。
TCM case records are the valuable wealth of Chinese medical sciences, so to collect and study TCM case records is an important way for developing and improving the academic and clinical levels of TCM. The authors analyzed the characteristics and value of TCM case records from ancient and modern case records, individual cases, category cases, proved cases, error cases, and regional disparity, features, times, amount, curative effects and regions of cases.

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在介绍医案基本概念与沿革的基础上,分析了医案在中医药学术中的地位与作用,剖析了医案与病历的差异,界定了医案应该涵盖的内容。以当代名老中医典型医案研究为例,融合当代研究成果,提出了典型医案设计的科学性与求精性原则,规范了典型医案的构成与信息要点,同时亦规定了典型医案应该包含的具体内容。
On the base of introducing its concept and evolution, the author analyzes the position and function of medical case records in TCM sciences, difference between medical case records and medical records, and content of medical case records. The scientific and refinement principle in the design of typical medical case records are indicated, construction and information points are standardized and concrete content that a medical case record should contain is set in the paper taken the typical medical case records by modern prominent senior TCM doctors as examples and integrated today’s research achievements.

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目的：研究适用于中医医案文献自动分词的方案。方法使用层叠隐马模型作为分词模型，建立相关中医领域词典及测试语料库，对语料库中古代医案文献和现代医案文献各300篇进行分词及评测。结果在未使用中医领域词典时，两类医案文献分词准确率均为75%左右；使用中医领域词典后，古代医案文献的分词准确率达到90.73%，现代医案文献的分词准确率达到95.66%。在未使用中医领域词典时，词性标注准确率古代医案文献为56.74%，现代医案文献为64.81%；使用中医领域词典后，现代医案文献为91.45%，明显高于古代医案文献的78.47%。结论现有分词方案初步解决了中医医案文献的分词问题，对现代医案文献的词性标注也基本正确，但古代医案文献的词性标注影响因素较多，还需进一步研究。
Objective To study the automatic word segmentation scheme suitable for traditional Chinese medical record literature. Methods Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model was used as segmentation model. Totally 300 ancient medical record literature and 300 modern medical record literature were set as experimental subjects to establish the dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine and the test corpus, with a purpose to segment the words and evaluate of the results. Results Without using dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine, the word segmentation accuracy of two kinds of medical record literature was about 75%;the part-of-speech tagging accuracy of ancient medical literature was 56.74%, the modern medical literature accuracy was 64.81%. By using dictionary of tradition Chinese medicine, the word segmentation accuracy of ancient medical record literature was 90.73%, the modern medical record literature accuracy was 95.66%;the part-of-speech tagging accuracy of ancient medical record

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医案是医家临床辨证论治的全程记录，对医案灵动运用，对培养学生建立中医治疗学的思维与能力具有重要价值。自西汉诊籍迄今，医案之作浩如烟海。本文在概述中医医案发展史的基础上，以实例论述了方剂学教学中医案的选择与运用，为开展医案辅助的方剂教学法提供参考。
Chinese medical records recorded the whole activities during a syndrome differentiation and treatment of disease. With the characteristics of diversity and lively, the records have important values in establishing TCM therapeutic thoughts and abilities for students. Amount of medical records have been recorded in medical books since the Western Han dynasty. In order to provide the references for teaching prescription aided by medical records, this article discusses the choice and application of medical records to teach prescription by listing examples on the basis of outlining the development of TCM medical records.

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名医医案反映了医家的临床思维活动，蕴含着大量的临床知识。但医案多以自由文本书写，难于通过计算机处理发现知识。提出采用XML标引技术将医案结构化，为名医医案的分析处理和知识挖掘发现奠定基础。
The medical records of well-known doctors not only reflect they clinical thinking activities, but also contain a large number of clinical knowledge. Because the medical record is mostly written in free text, it is difficult to discover knowledge thorough computer processing. In this paper, we introduce the method of XML indexing to make medical records structured, and the method will facilitated analysis and knowledge mining for medical records.

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了解临床需求,完善中医临床医案数据库建设。方法:从问卷调查入手,调研临床医生需求,找出中医临床医案库现存问题。结果:规范研发,拓展领域,提升质量,立足需求,注重中医医案数据库应用。结论:让中医临床医案数据库及智能检索系统发挥出最大效能。
Objective: To understand the clinical demand, and improve the construction of TCM clinical medical record database. Methods: Starting from the questionnaire survey, needs of clinical doctor are investigated, and existing problems of Traditional Chinese medicine clinical medical record database are found out. Results:R&D is standardized and the quality is improved. Based on demand, application of traditional Chinese medicine medical record database is paid attention to. Conclusion:The highest efficiency of traditional Chinese medicine clinical medical record database and intelligent retrieval system can be achieved.

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探索中医医案数据的规范方法,为中医医案的数据库建设、数据挖掘和信息利用服务。方法:采集中医温病现代期刊文献中的医案和古籍中的医案作为数据来源,针对医案中的病因和症状信息进行规范。结果:根据中医医案的数据特点,采用分类规范的方法进行数据规范。结论:数据规范化程度比较高,能够很好的服务于数据挖掘和相似计算。但规范后的数据丢失了许多原文信息,导致数据挖掘结果和相似计算结果的准确性不高。可以用于数据的模糊计算,大量数据的筛选等使用。
Objective: To explore the standardization methods of medical record data of traditional Chinese medicine, and serve to the database construction, data mining and information services of medical record of traditional Chinese medicine. Method: The medical records in the modern journal and literatures and ancient books about warm diseases in the traditional Chinese medicine are collected as the data source. The information of pathogenesis and symptoms in the medical records are regulated. Results: According to the data characteristics of medical records of traditional Chinese medicine, the method of standardization by classification is adopted for data standardization. Conclusion: The data with high standardization can serve to the data mining and similar calculation well. But after standardization the data loses much original information, leading to the low accuracy of data mining results and similar calculation results. It can be used for the fuzzy calculation of data, the scr

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探讨《外证医案汇编》的学术特色，为研究与利用该书提供借鉴。本文采用文献学研究方法，分别从医案来源、写作特点、学术思想等方面，将《外证医案汇编》的学术特色总结为5个方面，分别是选案多家，各具特色；案后附论，弥足珍贵；名：外证，不离内证；崇尚王道，反对驳杂；重视经络，定位定性。因此，本文认为《外证医案汇编》是一部难得的医案佳作，值得学习与研究。
To investigate the academic features of Waizheng-YiAn-Huibian and provide references for research and application of it. With research approach in bibliography, the academic features of the book were studied from source of medical cases, writing characteristic, academic thought, etc. The academic features of Waizheng-YiAn-Huibian were summarized into the following 5 points, including multiple chosen medical cases but all with unique individual features, precious discussion after each case, named external symptoms, but covered internal symptoms, encouraging mild treatment and against being broad and complicated, emphasis on veins and arteries, positioning and nature determination. Waizheng-YiAn-Huibian is a wonderful masterpiece in medical cases research and worth learning and studying.

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[目的]分析《醉花窗医案》中对饮证诊治的独到之处，提高临床辨治水平。[方法]从诊断、治疗和调护等各个方面对全书所栽水饮六证进行分析，总结《醉花窗医案》中对水饮为病的辨治特色与经验。[结果]《醉花窗医案》是清代山西省介休人王靖所著医案，共有医案101个，其中有6案明确诊为饮证，在饮证诊治上颇有特色。《醉花窗医案》中辨饮之主要脉症为：小便不利、胸膈满闷、渴、或肿、或悸、或吐、或不寐，脉弦而兼急、滞。其治多以五苓散为主方进行加减，病愈之后注重以六君等健脾化湿之品调摄之。[结论]《醉花窗医案》治饮证，善于凭脉定证，强调脉症相合。既诊则多以五苓散法治之，饮去之后强调摄养，以绝其生饮之源。
Objective] To analyze the character of diagnosis and treatment of "excessive fluid zheng" in "medical record of ZuiHuaChuang", so that to improve level of medical diagnosis and treatment in clinical work. [Methods] Analyze the diagnosis,treatment and nurse of medical records of "excessive fluid zheng" in the book, to summarize the characteristic of diagnosis and treatment of "excessive fluid zheng" in "medical record of ZuiHuaChuang". [Results] There are 6 cases involving"excessive fluid zheng"in 101 cases medical records in the whole book which written by WangYu in Qing Dynasty. The key symptoms of "excessive fluid zheng" in "medical record of ZuiHuaChuang" including difficulty in micturition,dyspnea,thirsty,edema, cardiopalmus, vomiting, insomnia and string-tight pulse accompanied with rapid or stasis pulse. It was treated with WuLin San most of time, and used the method of"invigorating spleen to eliminate dampness"to regulate the constitution.[Conclusion] The character of diagnosis

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自西汉淳于意创立"诊籍",此后之中医名著皆有散在医案记载,至明清两代已有《名医类案》《续名医类案》等医案专著问世,现代医家更有将临证心得整理成医案传世。《医理真传》指出:"医学一途,不难于用药,而难于识症;亦不难识症,而难识阴阳"。本医案以"首辨阴阳"为纲,以"再辨六经"为目,以"固护阳气"为魂;所用之理,源于《黄帝内经》,以"经"为宗;所用之法,源于《伤寒论》,以"论"为旨;所用方药,源于经方,以经方为范本;此模式可为医案研究开辟新途径。
Case records have been scattered in Chinese Classics since it was created by Chun Yuyi in Western Han Dynasty.During Ming and Qing Dynasty,there existed many monographs on case records such as Classified Case Records of Celebrated Physicians,Sup-plement to Classified Case Records of Celebrated Physicians,etc.There was a famous Chinese physician Zheng Qinan,who reported it was not difficult for a Chinese medical physician to prescribe medication but difficult to differentiate syndromes,and more difficult to dis-tinguish between yin and yang in Essence of Chinese Medical Science.Many modern Chinese physicians have still tried to summarize and hand down their own clinical experiences.The medical record of early stage diabetic cases,which has broken new ground for medical case analysis,has taken distinguishing between Yin and Yang as first and then differentiating Six meridians,where the core is protecting Yang Qi.The theory,principle and prescription of this medical record have been deriv

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