针对无人机自主着陆引导的需求,简要介绍了国外无人机着陆引导技术现状与发展趋势,阐述了无人机卫星导航着陆系统的基本组成和工作原理,分析了无人机卫星导航着陆引导技术体制,提出了无人机卫星导航着陆引导系统的发展设想,支撑我国无人机卫星导航着陆引导技术研究和系统建设。

In order to meet the needs of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV ) autono-mous landing guidance ,this paper briefly introduces the status and development trends of the technology of UAV landing guidance in foreign countries ,and illustrates the basic struc-ture and work principle of the UAV satellite navigation landing system ,and analyzes the technical framework of the UAV satellite navigation landing system ,and puts forward the development idea of the UAV satellite navigation landing system ,and supports the UAV satellite navigation landing technology research and system construction in China .

北斗卫星导航系统是中国自主发展，独立运行的全球卫星导航系统，目前已经发射了16颗卫星，基本实现了亚太地区的导航定位功能。本文通过实测北斗数据和GPS（美国全球定位系统）数据，分析比较了北斗卫星导航系统单点定位的精度与GPS单点定位的精度。同时，对北斗卫星导航系统和GPS系统组合的单点定位结果进行了分析。结果显示，北斗卫星导航系统的单点定位精度与GPS单点定位精度很接近，而两个系统的组合则显著地提高了可用卫星数量，改善了定位精度，增强了定位的可靠性。

The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System is a globe satellite navigation system which is developed by China and operated independently .Nowadays,the function of navigation and positioning of BeiDou in Asia Pacific region has been basically achieved by those 16 satellites that had already been launched .This article analyzes and compares the sin-gle point positioning accuracy of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System and GPS by measured data .Meanwhile,a combined analysis of single point positioning based on BeiDou Navigation Satellite System and GPS has been studied .The results show that the accuracy of these two navigation systems is very similar , and the integrationof these two systems could sharply improve the numbers of available satellites as well as the accuracy of single point positioning .In addition,the combination could improve the reliability as well .

直接敏感地平是一种典型自主天文导航方法,该方法简单可靠,易于实现,但是由于常用卫星轨道动力学J2模型精度有限,地球敏感器精度较低,因此导航精度不高。加速度计是测量运载体线加速度的常用惯性导航设备,当卫星在轨运行时,星载加速度计能够测量航天器所受发散力。结合这两种方法的特点,提出一种将加速度计和天文相结合的自主天文导航新方法。在常用卫星轨道J2模型基础上,引入大气阻力和太阳光压系数模型作为自主导航系统状态方程的一部分,并建立近地空间环境下星载加速度计的测量模型,将其与直接敏感地平均作为导航系统观测方程。设计基于信息融合的自主导航滤波方法,通过对多种导航模式进行数值仿真及结果分析,结果表明所设计方法提高了系统定位精度74.8%和速度精度86.2%,增强了系统可靠性。

Directly sensing horizon is a typical autonomous celestial navigation method which is reliable and simply. But its navigation precision is low due to mainly depending on satellite orbit dynamics J2 model and earth sensor. Accelerometer is a typical navigation equipment to measure vehicle linear acceleration. For a satellite moving on orbit, the accelerometer can be used to measure the divergent forces acted on satellite. This paper presents a new method of satellite autonomous navigation based on accelerometer and celestial navigation. The coefficient model of atmospheric drag and solar radiation pressure are proposed as part of autonomous navigation system state equation. The accelerometer measurement equation is established on space environment. The autonomous navigation method and algorithm are designed, and the simulations are made which show that the location precision and the velocity precision can be improved by 74.8%and76.4%respectively with the proposed system.

直接敏感地平是一种典型自主天文导航方法，该方法简单可靠，易于实现，但是由于常用卫星轨道动力学 J2模型精度有限，地球敏感器精度较低，因此导航精度不高。加速度计是测量运载体线加速度的常用惯性导航设备，当航天器在轨运行时，星载加速度计能够测量航天器所受发散力。结合上述两种方法的特点，提出一种将加速度计和天文相结合的自主天文导航新方法。在常用卫星轨道动力学模型基础上，引入大气阻力和太阳光压系数模型作为自主导航系统状态方程的一部分，并建立近地空间环境下星载加速度计的测量模型，将其与直接敏感地平均作为导航系统观测方程。设计基于信息融合的自主导航滤波方法，通过对多种导航模式进行数值仿真及结果分析，结果表明所设计方法提高了系统定位精度62.8%和速度精度63.9%，增强了系统可靠性。

Directly sensing horizon is a typical autonomous celestial navigation method which is reliable and simply. But its navigation precision is low due to mainly depending on satellite orbit dynamics J2 model and earth sensor. Accelerometer is a typical navigation equipment to measure vehicle linear acceleration. For a satellite moving on orbit, the accelerometer can be used to measure the divergent forces acted on satellite. This paper presents a new method of satellite autonomous navigation based on accelerometer and celestial navigation. The coefficient model of atmospheric drag and solar radiation pressure are proposed as part of autonomous navigation system state equation. The accelerometer measurement equation is established on space environment. The autonomous navigation method and algorithm are designed, and the simulations are made which show that the location precision and the velocity precision can be improved 62.8%63.9% re-spectively by the proposed system.

针对我国现阶段普遍使用的基于GPS的车辆监控系统,设计了一套基于我国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统的车辆监控系统。与传统的GPS车辆监控系统相比,其在安全性、保密性、自主度等方面更加卓越。实践表明:我国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统在PC-Android这一套体系中可以充分体现其优越性,同时系统特别设计了历史路径查询和借出车辆跟踪功能,在内部车辆统一管理与监控方面取得了显著的成果。

The vehicle monitoring system based on GPS is commonly used in China at present stage, is designed based on the vehicle monitoring system of Beidou satellite navigation system developed by China independently.Compared with the traditional GPS vehicle monitoring system,the security, confidentiality,autonomy and other aspects of more outstanding.Practice shows that:the Beidou satellite navigation system developed by China independently can fully reflect its superiority in the PC-Android this set of system,and the systemspecially designed track historical path query and lending vehicle,has made remarkable achievements in the internal unified vehicle management andmonitoring.