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双语推荐：压套

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随着深井、超深井钻井数量的增加,对井控技术的要求也越来越高.通常,在压井过程中采用传统的立压控制法和套压控制法,由于压力传递的延迟和计算不准等原因,给井控带来了诸多不便.在前人研究的基础上,根据气液两相流理论,建立了1套精确套压计算模型.针对实例井,采用传统套压计算模型和精确套压计算模型分别进行计算.在压井过程中,传统套压计算模型计算的最大套压出现滞后,且数值偏大;精确套压计算模型计算的值则与实际值较吻合.研究表明,精确套压计算模型更符合压井实际情况,对现场压井施工有指导意义.
With the growth in deep drilling and ultra deep drilling,well control techniques have be-come increasingly demanding.Due to the pressure transmission delay and inaccurate calculation, the traditional standpipe and casing pressure control methods have brought much inconvenience to well control.On the basis of previous studies and based on the theory of gas-liquid two phase flow,an accurate casing pressure calculation model is established.The calculation results showed that the maximal casing pressure delayed and it was higher than actual casing pressure during kill-ing by traditional model,the accurate model could fit well with actual casing pressure.Studies have shown that accurate casing pressure calculation model was closer to the actual situation, which was instructive to well killing on site.

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水平井裸眼分段压裂技术作为低压、低渗透油气藏开发的重要增产措施之一,近年来在苏里格地区得到大力推广应用。套压阀是水平井分段压裂配套工具的重要组成部分,主要为压裂施工后期提供气举通道和套压监测。针对水平井施工中出现的套压阀压力打开不稳定的问题,设计了内置滑套式套压阀,利用油套压差剪断剪钉推动内置滑套移动并锁紧。同时,给出了入井管柱结构和施工工艺。该结构设计合理,打开压力稳定,能够满足现场压裂施工要求。
The staged fracturing technique for open hole horizontal wells is efficient for reservoirs with low pressure,low porosity and low permeability and has been widely applied in Sulige gas-field recently.Casing valve is the important part of matching tools for staged fracturing which is mainly for providing gas lift channel and casing pressure monitor.With respect to instability prob-lems of open pressure,casing valve of built-in sliding sleeve was designed and differential pressure between oil pipe and casing pipe cut the shearing pins and inner barrel went down to be locked. Meanwhile,running string structure and construction technology was also proposed.The design of structure is reasonable and open pressure is stable and field fracturing requirements can be sat-isfied.

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桥口油田属于典型的多油层非均质常压低渗复杂断块高气油比油气藏，套压值过高影响井底流压，套压过低会造成油套环空泡沫段的增加，从而直接影响动液面监测数据的真实性。为了合理控制套压，在传统采油树流程基础上设计了自动控套防盗气工艺流程。根据各井气油比、地层压力，设定对应套压值，自动控套装置根据设定值自动排放套管气调整套压。合理控制套压保证了井底流压的稳定，避免了泡沫段的产生，有效回收利用了套管气，改善了开发效果，提高了采收率。
Qiaokou Oilifeld is a typical heterogeneous multi-layer block reservoir with low permeability and high gas-oil ratio. If casing pressure is too high, bottomhole lfowing pressure would be affected, and if casing pressure is too low, the foam sections in the annular would be increased, affecting the truthfulness of monitoring data from working lfuid level. To control casing pressure effectively, the automatic casing pressure control and gas stealing prevention technology worklfow is self-designed and recreated. In ifeld tests, the corresponding casing pressure is set for different wells, based on gas-oil ratio and formation pressure, and the automatic casing pressure control equipment could automatically discharge casing gas to adjust casing pressure. Properly controlling casing pressure guarantees the stability of bottomhole lfowing pressure, and avoids the generation of foam. It uses casing gas effectively, and improves development effect and the recovery.

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投球式滑套为裸眼分段压裂管柱中建立压裂级数和压裂过流通道的关键部件，但目前国内尚未开展滑套球座与其匹配的憋压球的密封能力、滑套球座的可钻性与耐冲蚀性方面的研究。通过滑套球座的结构设计、憋压球的材料优选及球座与憋压球密封能力的有限元分析与试验，研究了滑套球座与憋压球之间的密封技术；通过滑套球座材料优选和相关试验，研究了滑套球座的可钻性；通过滑套球座表面硬化处理探讨及冲蚀和密封试验，研究了其耐冲蚀性能。8井次共72段的现场试验表明，滑套设计合理，性能可靠，解决了投球式滑套高承压密封及完井管柱的全通径问题。
Ball-activated sleeve plays an important role in open hole staged fracturing ,w hich may deter-mine number of fracturing stages and flow channels .However ,studies have not been initiated in China on sealability between ball and ball seat ,drillability and erosion resistance of ball seat .In this paper ,finite ele-ment analysis and experiment were conducted in respect to structural design of ball seat ,selection of ball materials ,and sealability betw een ball and ball seat ,so as to find appropriate sealing techniques .Optimiza-tion of ball materials and relevant tests were made to identify the drillability of ball seat .Additionally ,sur-face hardening of ball seat was discussed ,together with corrosion and sealing experiments ,to analyze the corrosion resistance of the ball seat .This ball-activated sleeve technique was applied in 8 wells in 72 fractu-ring stages ,proving that it was reasonable and reliable ,and could be effectively used for sealing under high pressure and

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将射频识别技术(RFID)应用于分段压裂工具中,设计了基于RFID技术的智能滑套分段压裂工具,通过射频识别技术实现多级分段压裂功能,并通过试验验证了智能滑套分段压裂工具的性能,试验结果表明,设计的智能滑套分段压裂工具能够满足所要求的性能指标。
Radio frequency identification(RFID )technology is used in staged fracturingtool in this paper,and RFID technology basedsmart sleeve staged fracturing tools is designed.RFID technology is employed to achieve multistagefracturing and its effectiveness is validated throughexperimental tests.Results demonstrate that thedesigned intelligent sleeve staged fracturing toolcan realize the required performance.

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为提高裸眼水平井分段压裂技术的压裂级数，实现一趟管柱压裂更多段，研制了一种批级压裂滑套。介绍了滑套的工作原理、主要结构的具体设计和计算。
A new sliding sleeve is developed in order to improve the fracturing stages of multi-stage fracturing (MSF) of horizontal bare holes and fracture more sections in one time. The operation principles, the design and calculation of the main structure of the slide sleeve are introduced in this paper.

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评价踝套牵引患者牵引套压疮的发生,提高患者的舒适度。方法:随机将62例下肢踝套牵引患者分为对照组(足背及足跟处垫棉垫后行踝套牵引)、观察组(先用美皮康贴在足后跟,然后用棉垫保护足背及足跟后再行踝套牵引)进行比较。结果:观察组牵引套压疮发生率显著低于对照组,而舒适度显著提高(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:美皮康能提高下肢牵引患者舒适度,减少压疮的发生。
Objective:To reduce the incidence rate of pressure sore caused by the traction with the ankle gauntlet, and to improve the comfort of the patient.Methods: 62 patients were divided into two groups at random, the control and experimental groups. In the con-trol group, the patients were done with traction of ankle gauntlet and cotton pad at the dorsum of foot and heel. In the experimental group,Mepilex Border (Meipikang) was used on the heel first,then,ankle gauntlet traction with the cotton pad was used,too.Then,we did comparison with these two groups. Results: The incidence rate of pressure sore in the experimental group was lower than that in the con-trol group obviously,and the comfort degrees was improved obviously(P<0.05 ,P<0.01). Conelusion:Mepilex Border (Meipikang) can im-prove the comfort degree of the traction patient, and reduce the incidence rate of pressure sore.

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由于常规压裂技术无法实现裸眼完井水平井长水平段的压裂,严重制约了油田非常规油气资源的大规模开发,为此,进行了管外封投球滑套压裂技术研究。研制了K342-142压裂封隔器、PS70-140压差滑套、BS70-140投球滑套、QZ-130坐封球座等一系列工具,形成适用于河南油田的多级分段压裂工艺管柱,适合致密砂岩压裂,满足了油田快速开发非常规资源的需要。
Due to the fact the conventional fracturing technology cannot fracture the long horizontal section in open-hole completed horizontal well, which severely restricts the large-scale development of unconventional oil and gas, research was carried out on fractur-ing technology by ball dropping sliding sleeve outside the casing. A series of tools like K342-142 fracturing packer, PS70-140 pressure difference sliding sleeve, BS70-140 ball dropping sliding sleeve and QZ-130 setting ball seat were developed, and a multi-stage fractur-ing technical string applicable to He’nan Oilifeld was generated, which is suitable for tight sandstone fracturing and satisifes the need for rapid development of unconventional resources.

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研制一套橡胶衬套压装设备。利用有限元技术对压装过程中橡胶衬套的应力变化和弹性变形进行非线性分析，根据分析结果进行了压装机的机械结构和液压系统等主要方面的设计。实践结果表明：该压装机不仅能够对后扭梁上的两个橡胶衬套同时进行总成装配，提高压装效率，而且通用性好，能适用多种车型的后扭梁总成装配。
An equipment of rubber bushing press-fit was developed. Using finite element technology,nonlinear analyses about the stress changes and elastic deformation of rubber bushing in the fitting process were shown. According to the analyses results,the major designs of rubber bushing press-fit equipment were finished,including the mechanical structure and hydraulic system. The results show that rubber bushing press-fit equipment can be used to assemble two rubber bushings on the rear twist beam in the same time and the efficiency is greatly improved. Besides,it has the versatility so that can be applied to a variety of models.

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为了实现高效分层压裂、提高工具可靠性,需开发水平井有限级次套管滑套压裂工具。与常规固井相比,存在现有胶塞无法满足超大变径条件下水泥封隔、水平段难以有效碰压及单流阀断流等难题。经过室内评价试验及工具结构改进,研制了适合水平井工况的固井胶塞、碰压短节、浮箍浮鞋等装置。结果表明:顺利完成了SP42H套管滑套固井试验,碰压正常,通井发现人工井底符合设计要求,后期压裂施工顺利,可以满足水平井套管滑套固井要求。
Finite series casing sliding sleeve fracturing tools in horizontal wells were designed to a-chieve efficient separate layer fracturing and improve the reliability of tool.Compared with the conventional cementing process,the inner diameter of casing sliding sleeve’s tool string changes varied.Available cementing plug cannot satisfied the cement demand,which was hard to achieve effective bump-pressure and cut-off of non-return valve.After more than 100 times laboratory e-valuation test and structural improvement,cementing plug,bump-pressure nipple,float collar and floating shoe were designed for horizontal wells condition.The laboratory test shows that they can satisfy the cement demand of horizontal well casing sliding sleeve.Casing sliding sleeve ce-menting of SP42H well was completed smoothly in August 2013.The bump-pressure is normal. Drifting result shows that artificial bottom wells meets the design requirement.Fracturing is suc-cessfully operated.It can indicate that ca

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