压缩近邻法是一种简单的非参数原型选择算法,其原型选取易受样本读取序列、异常样本等干扰.为克服上述问题,提出了一个基于局部均值与类全局信息的近邻原型选择方法.该方法既在原型选取过程中,充分利用了待学习样本在原型集中k个同异类近邻局部均值和类全局信息的知识,又设定原型集更新策略实现对原型集的动态更新.该方法不仅能较好克服读取序列、异常样本对原型选取的影响,降低了原型集规模,而且在保持高分类精度的同时,实现了对数据集的高压缩效应.图像识别及UCI(University of California Irvine)基准数据集实验结果表明,所提出算法集具有较比较算法更有效的分类性能.

The condensed nearest neighbor (CNN) algorithm is a simple non-parametric prototype selection method, but its prototype selection process is susceptible to pattern read sequence, abnormal patterns and so on. To deal with the above problems, a new prototype selection method based on local mean and class global information is proposed. Firstly, the proposed method makes full use of those local means of the k heterogeneous and homogeneous nearest neighbors to each be-learning pattern and the class global information. Secondly, an updating process is introduced to the proposed method. Lastly, updating strategies are adopted in order to realize dynamic update of the prototype set. The proposed method can not only better lessen the influence of the pattern selected sequence and abnormal patterns on prototype selection, but also reduce the scale of the prototype set. The proposed method can achieve a higher compression effciency that can guarantee the higher classification accuracy synchronou

以西南大学编制的《科学发明创造实验问题材料库》中24个科学问题为实验材料,随机抽取南通大学在校文理科大学生为被试,通过操纵学习时原型呈现方式(文本原型或文本原型+图形)和测试时问题呈现方式(文本问题或文本问题+图形),探讨了原型及问题本身呈现方式对科学问题解决的影响。结果发现:1)在科学发明问题解决中,在有图形的问题呈现方式下问题解决正确率高于文本问题呈现方式下的问题解决正确率;2)原型呈现方式在原型激活率上存在显著差异,在科学问题解决正确率上差异不显著;问题呈现方式在原型激活率上不存在显著差异,在科学问题解决正确率上差异显著;3)原型呈现方式和问题呈现方式在问题解决正确率和原型激活率上不存在交互作用,没有产生累加效应。

This research used 24 scientific questions selected from the database of questions on scientific inventions and innovations compiled by Xinan University to investigate the sampled students in Nantong University to explore the effects of prototype and problems presented in controlled learning and testing. The results showed that:1) the correct rate of problems solutions in a condition of graphics presentation was higher than that in a condition of text presentation; 2) there was a significant difference in the prototype elicitation rate while the accuracy difference was not significant in the scientific problems solving; 3) the problem presentation had no significant difference in the prototype activated rate, but difference existed significantly in accuracy of scientific problem solving; and 4) prototype and problem presentation turned out no interaction and cumulative effect in problems solution accuracy and prototype elicitation rate.

分析了纸质原型测试在软件项目开发中的作用，阐述了进行纸质原型测试的具体步骤，提出了停止纸质原型测试的判断依据，最后得出了进行纸质原型测试的相关结论。对提高开发软件的可用性和高效性有一定的指导意义。

This article analyzed the function of paper prototype testing in software project development,set forth the concrete steps of paper prototype testing,put forward the basis to decide for stopping the paper prototype testing.At last,the related conclusion for carrying out the paper prototype tesing are given.

以科学发明创造题目为实验材料,采用＂一对一＂的实验范式,对创造性问题解决中的创造性倾向与原型位置效应的关系进行了探讨,实验考察了不同创造性倾向个体在创造性问题解决中的原型位置效应,创造性倾向包括想象力、冒险性、好奇性、挑战性四个因素,结果发现：创造性倾向总分、好奇性、挑战性对原型位置效应有影响,而且原型位置效应随着创造性倾向、好奇性、挑战性的降低而显著;想象力、冒险性对原型位置效应的影响不显著。

In order to test the relation between creativity tendency and prototype position, we used technological problems and adopted “one-one” paradigm in the experiment.In this study, we investigated different creativity tendency in-dividuals’ prototype position in creativity problem-solving.Creativity tendency consisted of four factors: venture-some, curiosity, imagination, and challenge.The results showed that under the experimental condition, the proto-type position effect was affected by creative tendency, curiosity, challenge and was more significant by the decrea-sing of the amount of them; however, no significant influence of venturesome, imagination on prototype position effect was found.

约翰·班扬是十七世纪英国文学史上最伟大的作家之一，其著作《天路历程》让他成为最受欢迎的基督教作家。本文从原型批评理论的角度阐释了《天路历程》中来自基督教的文化原型。这些原型涉及作品的圣经意象：水和主题两个方面。从原型角度研究了《天路历程》的根据及重要性。

John Bunyan (1628-1688) is one of the most remarkable figures in 17th century English literature.He is famous for his authorship of The Pilgrim’s Progress and becomes one of the world’s most widely-read Christian writers.This thesis attempts to use the archetypal theories to analyze the archetypes on Christian culture in The Pilgrim’s Progress.According to the theory of archetype, Bunyan’s use of biblical images and themes can be called archetypes.Therefore, this thesis tries to explore the underlying archetypal elements so as to represent its literary treasures by resorting to the theory of archetypal criticism.