研制的双重介质渗流水力特性试验系统，由双重介质试验模块、水循环控制模块和数据采集模块三部分组成，较好地解决了孔隙介质和裂隙介质的模拟、边界条件的模拟、止水工艺的完善和水交换信息采集等关键问题，并具有裂隙宽度可调节，精度高，自动化程度高，试验数据实时全自动采集等特点。该系统可用以研究基于双重介质模型的水量交换以及渗流场的水压分布规律以及双重介质的水力性态和渗流机制。利用该试验系统进行双重法介质渗流水力特性试验，通过趋势图直观分析、极差和方差分析和 F-检验等分析手段，得出孔隙-裂隙双重介质水交换影响因子对双重介质水交换的影响能力，从大到小依次为：裂隙宽度、孔隙介质渗透系数、压力梯度、水温。

A test system of double medium seepage characteristics which is composed of double medium test module, water cycle system control module and data collection module is developed. The test system solves the key issues of porous media and fissure medium simulation, boundary conditions simulation, the perfection of water sealing technique and water exchange information collection, etc., and it has the characteristics of that the fracture width can be adjusted, higher precision, higher automation and test data real-time automatic acquisition. The test system of double medium seepage characteristics is used to study the distribution of water pressure that based on the water exchange and the seepage field of double-medium model, as well as the hydraulic behavior of double medium model and percolation mechanism. Using the test system of double medium seepage characteristics carries on the double medium seepage characteristics test and making use of the methods of trend diagram intuitive analys

通过传输矩阵法理论,研究激活杂质对双重势垒光量子阱滤波器特性的影响,结果表明:介质未掺激活杂质时,双重势垒光量子阱滤波器品质随垒层周期数的增大而提高,同时滤波通道的频率发生位移;内、外垒层或阱层介质分别掺激活杂质时,各共振隧穿模出现高倍光放大现象,且各共振隧穿模的频率位置恒定;随激活介质介电虚部大小的增大光量子阱滤波器品质迅速提高,特别是阱层介质掺杂时品质提高尤为明显,高达8.010×104倍;利用双重势垒光量子阱的阱层或内、外垒层掺杂激活特性,可实现高品质光滤波、光信号放大功能,且为光量子阱的实际设计与应用提供积极指导。

The effect of active impurity on double barrier photonic quantum well filter was studied by transmission matrix method. The results show that when there was no active impurity in medium, the quality of double barrier quantum well filter increased with the periodicity of barrier layer increase, and the frequency of filtering channel shifted at same time. When there was active impurity in inner-barrier and well layer respectively, the resonant tunneling modes appeared high magnification, but the frequency of tunneling modes were constant. The quality of quantum well filtering increased quickly with the increase of value of imaginary part of dielectric, especially when there was active impurity in well layer, the quality reached 8.010×104. These properties can achieve functions of high-quality optical filtering and optical signal amplification, providing positive guidance for design and application of photonic quantum well.

根据页岩气渗流机理,分析了页岩气在双重介质中的渗流过程。依据常规双重介质模型,综合考虑了滑脱效应、应力敏感效应及启动压力梯度对页岩气藏产能的影响,建立了考虑解吸、扩散渗流综合作用的页岩气渗流模型,并求得地层压力分布。运用实例分析了页岩气藏产能的影响因素,确定了不同因素对气井产能影响的差异。研究结果总结了页岩气藏单井产能的影响因素,对页岩气藏开发提出了建议。

According to the percolation mechanism of shale gas ,the percolation process in the dual medium was ana-lyzed.On the basis of conventional dual medium model ,comprehensively considering the influence of slippage effect ,stress sensitivity and the start -up pressure gradient on the productivity of shale gas reservoir ,a dual medium model considering desorption and diffusion seepage was established .Thus,the formation pressure distribution was obtained .In the examples, differences in influencing factors on shale gas productivity were determined .The factors affecting the productivity of single shale gas well were summarized ,and some advices were proposed to the shale gas reservoir development .

设计了一种基于二维三角晶格光子晶体多模干涉效应的1×4分束器,根据多模干涉自映像效应,在二维光子晶体波导内交替出现双重像和单重像,由双重像的位置确定四个单模输出波导的位置。通过在侧向单模输出波导与多模耦合区域的连接处设置介质柱A、B,并有效调节介质柱A、B的半径,四端口均匀输出时均衡性为0.01 dB。该分束器透射率高达99.6%且输出能量可自由调节,还可实现光束的大角度分离。

A novel photonic crystal 1×4 power splitter is designed in accordance with the self-imaging effect of multimode interference in the two-dimensional square photonic crystal, and the positions of four signle-mode output waveguides are determined by the positions of periodic twofold image, which are formed by the self-imaging effect of multimode interference. The identical output optical power in each output port of the device can be realized by inserting dielectric rod A and B in the junction between the multimode waveguides and lateral single-mode output waveguides. By simply tuning the radius of rod A and B, the energy proportionality of four output ports can be 0.01 dB, while the transmittance of this splitter be as high as 99.6%, and free distribution of energy can be achieved. Meanwhile, a large separating angle can be obtained with this structure.

以岩溶含水层的复杂结构和水流运动特性为重点,简要阐述了岩溶含水层系统中物理概念和水流模型,包括等效连续介质模型、裂隙网络模型、双重介质模型、三重介质模型、连续管流耦合模型以及Darcy-Stokes耦合模型,对各模型特点及在应用中的优缺点进行了分析比较和评述,指出Darcy-Stokes耦合模型可以广泛应用于岩溶含水层的水流模拟细观研究;三重介质模型能较真实反映简单结构岩溶含水介质及岩溶水流态复杂性,应用和发展前景非常广阔。已有岩溶水流运动数学模型还不能够真正解决工程实际问题,有待进一步探索;在岩溶含水层非饱和水流运动机理、交叉岩溶裂隙水力特性、水文地质不确定性以及多场耦合数学模型研究等方面也有待进一步发展。

The complex construction of a karst aquifer and the characteristics of flow movement being the key points, physical concepts of karst aquifer systems and numerical models for water flow, including the equivalent continuous medium model, fracture network model, double medium model, triple medium model, continuous flow pipe coupling model, and Darcy-Stokes coupling model, are briefly introduced. The characteristics of these models as well as their advantages and disadvantages in application are analyzed and compared. The results show that the Darcy-Stokes coupling model can be widely applied in microscopic study of flow simulation of a karst aquifer, and the triple medium model can simulate the state of water flow in a simple karst aquifer, having a higher applied value and extremely broad prospects for development. The existing numerical models for karst water flow movement, which cannot actually solve the practical engineering problems, should be further explored. Research on the mecha