辽东地区在明代北边防御中占有重地位，在这一地区涌现出了大量的名臣良将。其中在万历二十二一二十五年期间担任辽东巡抚的李化龙，受命于危难之际，在辽东地区建树颇多。任内防御倭寇，抗击蒙古诸部，开放义州木市，稳定了辽东的局势，为辽东地区的发展做出了贡献。

Liaodong area played an important role in north of China defense in the Ming Dynasty .In this re-gion,a large number of ability of the secretaries and generals were emerged .One of the famous secretary is Li Hualong,who served as governor of the Liaodong area in the Wanli 22-year to Wanli 25-year,he was in danger of Liaodong Area and had quite a lot .His defense on Japanese pirates ,fighting Mongolia the departments ,open-ing righteousness state wood market ,enhancing Liaodong situation ,which made a large contributions for the de-velopment of the Liaodong Area .

政治正当性意指对政治秩序的道德评价,关系到政治统治的稳定性。古代中国的政治正当性有着与西方不同的特点:大体上,首先经过殷周之变,西周的政治正当性奠定在了天命论的基础上,统治者有德才能受命于天;其次经由春秋战国时代的历史剧变,儒家的心性论将政治正当性的基础进一步落实于个人内心的德性修养上,并以此与天内在相通。先秦时代的政治正当性大体奠定在天、君、民三者的相互关系上,对后世产生了深远的影响。

Political legitimacy means moral evaluation of political order related to the stability of the political rule, Political legitimacy in ancient China has different characteristics from that of Western countries. Generally speaking, after the change from the Yin to the Shang Dynasty, political legitimacy in Western Zhou was based on the virtues from the Heaven. Secondly, after the change from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States period, Confucianism in pre-Qin days based political legitimacy on a personal inner moral cultivation. Political legitimacy in the pre-Qin era was based on the relationship between Heaven, kings and people, which had profound impacts on the Chinese history.

封禅是封建帝王举行的祭祀泰山的大典,所谓＂封＂就是天子登上泰山筑坛祭天,而＂禅＂则是在泰山下的小丘除地祭地,旨在表示承天受命。北宋真宗封禅,是史载大宋王朝最为隆重的一次祭祀大典,也是宋代礼乐文化建设的重大活动之一。围绕这次大典,＂词臣＂们大展才艺,诏、表、鼓吹、颂、制、铭、赋、序、乐章、玉册文、玉牒文,各体作品异彩纷呈,从中不难见出当时的＂热烈＂场景。结合马克思主义艺术生产理论,考察与分析真宗封禅的文学＂生产＂与＂消费＂现象,能更为准确丰富地揭示礼乐文学的文化意涵及其教化意义。

Feng Shan is a sacrifice ceremony or ritual held by feudal emperors to worship Mount Tai , aiming to show the emperors’ readiness to accept the duty endowed by the Heaven . Emperor Zhenzong’ s Feng Shan sacrifice ceremony in the Northern Song Dynasty was the most solemn one in the history of the Song Dynasty , and also one of the important activities in the construction of Song Dynasty ’ s ritual and musical culture .Centering on this grand ceremony , the Northern Song Dynasty’ s Chancellors who were good at literary creation fully showed their talents , and thus produced flourishing literature works such as articles and poems , which can be matched with music , guidance Quzi Ci , poem , Song Ci , prose , and Ode . The scene at that time was really very “warm” . This paper takes Marxist artistic production theory as the theoretical foundation to analyze Emperor Zhenzong ’ s Feng Shan rituals as well as “production”and “consumption” in literature works , aiming to u

本文指明汉人对《离骚》的创作年代，均有作于怀王和顷襄王时期的自相矛盾之说，并无“均在怀王之世，决无作于顷襄王时期”的“宏观”定论；《离骚》所透露的诗人年岁及“椒、兰”喻指，应在诗人将及“老”年且子兰当政时期，而不能在子兰尚未当政的屈原早年“初疏”时期；以诗中浪漫想象所显示的诗人所在地点及诗中出现的“南楚”、“湘潭”一带土语，证明诗人创作《离骚》时不在汉北或郢中，而是在“南楚”沅湘之间；并引秦汉之际律法证明，屈原时代，实行的是有爵者以“年五十六”为“老”的“告老”退休制度，由此推测诗人之作《离骚》大抵在将临五十六岁老年，且齐相韩夤尚未受命赴楚为相的子兰当政时期，即顷襄王八九年间。

This paper indicated the time of the creation of "Li Sao" by Han raised controversial ideas of the periods of King Huai and King Qingxang. There is no decisive conclusion like "created in King Huai period and of no chance in King Qingxiang period".The poet used the metaphor "pepper, Lan" in "Li Sao " and indicated it should happen when Qu Yuan was nearly old but Zi Lan was ruling but not before Zi Lan was“too young to take the power". The locations in Qu Yuan''s romantic imagination and the terms of dialects of "South Chu" and "Xiangtan" proved that "Li Sao" wasn''t composed by Qu Yuan in the areas of north Han or Ying but between the "South Chu" and"Yuan Xiang". This paper also cited the law of Qin and Han Dynasty to prove that the retiring age in Qin was fifty-six for ranked people so Qu Yuan''s age when he composed"Li Sao" was about fifty-six. And then Han Yin had not been appointed to be the prime minister of Qi and Zi Lan went to Chu to be the prime minister. The time w