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双语推荐：变异修辞

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语言变异及修辞变异是种不同寻常的语言表达手段，文章首先提出变异修辞格的概念及其表现形式，并重点阐述变异修辞中的拈连、移就、矛盾修饰等变异修辞手法；最后重点探讨英汉两种语言翻译时对变异修辞格的处理手段，处理方法包括直译法、意译法、拆译法和融合法。
Rhetorical deviation is an unusual device of language expression. This paper, firstly, proposes the concept of rhetorical deviation and then elaborates its main devices, including zeugma, transferred epithet and oxymoron. Finally, this paper introduces translation skills when it comes to the translation of rhetorical deviation between English and Chinese. The skills include literal translation, fee translation, division method and fusion method.

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变异修辞,就是突破常规、变通使用的特异表达方式。通过运用"同义手段"的分析范式,对现实生活中、艺术作品中大量存在的实际语料和新近流行的网络语在语音变异、字形变异、词语变异、语法变异四大方面进行分类整理,以求探讨变异修辞的环境制约及功能问题。
Deviated rhetoric is a flexible use of specific expression .This article studies the analytical paradigm of “synonymy”and classifies linguistic data in the voice variation, font variations, verbal variation and grammar variation .And it attempts to ex-plore the environmental constraints and functions for the deviated rhetoric .

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修辞语义是指在语言应用过程中，修辞主体出于某种修辞考虑或者修辞需要，借助于具有普遍约定性的语言意义，并充分利用具体语境条件和特定的语体规制进行修辞创造所形成的语义修辞化变异。从总体上看，修辞语义的基本属性表现为修辞性；从不同角度观察这种修辞性又体现为情境性、具体性、个体性等属性特征。
Rhetoric meaning refers to the process of language use, rhetoric subject for some needs of rhet?oric or taking rhetoric into account, with the help of universal agreement of language meaning, making full use of specific conditions of context and specific style regulations to create the rhetoric. Generally, the basic attri?butes of rhetoric meaning is rhetoric;when viewed from different angles rhetoric performances also show situa?tional, specific, individual attributes.

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修辞语义与语言意义各有自己特定的内涵，既不乏某种程度上的一致性，也存在着根本性的区别。修辞语义是具体的、个体的、临时的，而语言意义则是抽象的、全民的、稳定的；语言意义是修辞语义形成的基础，修辞语义则是具体语境和特定语体规制下语言意义的修辞化变异。
Rhetorical semantics and meaning of language with their own specific connotation have the consis-tency to some extent and basic distinction. Rhetorical semantics is specific individual and temporary,while meaning of language is abstract,universal and stable. The meaning of language is the foundation of forming rhe-torical semantics,while rhetoric semantics is the rhetorical variation of the meaning of language in concrete con-text and specific style.

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二人台道白中有两类较为特殊的构成材料——顺口溜和绕口令。它们的言语富有独特性、灵活性和创造性,变异修辞特色明显,主要体现在声响形态变异、同素连用变异和辞格运用三个方面。目前对此进行研究的较为罕见。以此作为切入点,对于管窥二人台语言的修辞特征,对于更好地解读、欣赏二人台艺术、对于更好地进行二人台新剧目的创编,均有一定意义。
There are two kinds of special component materials in Er-ren-tai’s spoken parts-jingles and tongue twisters. The languages of them are all of strong peculiarity, flexibility and creativity. They are mainly reflected in phonological variation, the same linguistic unit used together and the application qa`n of figures of speech. Few researches have been done in this field. Choosing this as a breakthrough point, would contribute to providing a glimpse of Er-ren-tai’s rhetorical features, would help people understand and appreciate the art easier, would help people create new plays more scientifically.

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广告语体对修辞语义的表达具有制约作用,规约了修辞语义表达手段的选择。所以,在广告语体中常常采用变异词语用法、创造陌生化句子、构拟百态辞格、建构多变语篇、移植异样语文体式等多样化手段来表达修辞语义。
Advertising slogans have a restraining effect on the expression of rhetorical meaning , especially the choice of means of expression.So, advertising slogans often use a variety of ways to express rhetorical meaning , such as varying the word usage, crea-ting defamiliarizing sentences, constructing different figures of speech , constructing varied discourse, and transplanting diversified styles of text.

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语言的变异性表达容易引起接受者无限的审美愉悦。铁凝在小说文本中采用了话语省略、话语反复、句读变异等几种变异性的组句方式，有意拉长或缩短话语语符链和改装话语表达方式，在一定程度上淡化了常规的语法关系和逻辑关系，变异性的修辞运作活跃了人们的审美思维，提高了审美情趣。
@@@@the Variationary expression of language is easy to cause the recipient'infinite aesthetic pleasure .Several variation‐ary expression such as discourse ellipsis ,repeated words ,and variation ,are used in the text of Tie Ning’s novels to stretch or shorten words symbol chain and convert the ways of language expression .That ,to a certain extent ,weakens conventional grammatical relation and logical relation ,enlivens the rhetoric operation of people's aesthetic thinking ,and improves the aes‐thetic taste .

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近几年,基于新闻事件而产生的流行语不断涌现,这类流行语在语音、词汇、语法等方面都有不同程度的变异,产生了不同的修辞效果,同时,新闻事件流行语也是一种"狂欢式"的话语表达,体现了普通大众的狂欢心理和游戏心态。
In recent years , some buzzwords have constantly emerged based on the news events .These buzzwords , in such as-pects as pronunciation , vocabulary , grammar have some variation to different degree and have different rhetorical effects .At the same time, the popular news events is also a kind of expression of "carnival", embodies the carnival of the general public psychol-ogy and the game mentality .This article analyzes the psychological reasons of why they are so popular and the aim is to have a more clear understanding of such words .

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寻根文学主将韩少功在散文中充分利用了俄国形式主义陌生化理论，语言新奇独特，充满哲学色彩。其散文语言的陌生化修辞艺术主要包括偏正、主谓、动宾等词语超常搭配，铺陈与穷举、复句变异、同语反复等句法结构，色彩的变异以及辞格优化。陌生化手法的运用增强了文章张力，使韩少功的散文深刻有力，意境深远。
As a key figure of root-seeking literature, Han Shao-gong makes full use of Russian formalism theory of unfamiliarity in his proses, filling with philosophy color by his unique language. The rhetoric art of language unfamiliarity in his proses mainly includes the extraordinary collocations of attributive words, subject-predicate words and verb-object words, the syntactic structures of expatiation and exhaustion, compound sentence variation and cognate recurrences, as well as color variation and speech optimization of figures. The use of unfamiliarity techniques enhances the tension, making Han Shao-gong''s proses have deep and powerful meaning and profound and far-reaching mood.

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"前景化"修辞是莫言小说的一大特色。"前景化"是指通过变异将所要表达的语言从常规背景中"突出"出来,包括"偏离"和"平行"两种手段,"偏离"即打破语言规范,集中表现在对语义、语法常规的反叛。同时莫言具有很强的感觉意识,极力追求语言上的超验感知,善于结合语境制造出新奇陌生的感觉描写。笔者从"偏离"手段出发,探讨莫言代表作之一《蛙》词语层面与视听感觉描写层面的"偏离"及其"前景化"修辞效果。
The foregrounding rhetoric is a major features of MoYan ’ s novels .The“foregrounding” means that people highlight a portion of the novelty language from the “background” language through language variation .“Foregrounding” includes two forms . One is deviation and the other is parallel .The deviation means violation of conventional words and grammar .MoYan tries to pursue the language of transcendental perception .He is good at combining context to create a strange feeling description .The thesis aims to use the deviation method of “foregrounding” to study the linguistic deviation and the audio -visual feeling deviation of the Frog and the foregrounding rhetorical effect .

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