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双语推荐：嗅觉相关蛋白

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嗅觉是昆虫产生行为的基础之一，在长期进化的过程中昆虫形成了复杂的嗅觉系统，完成这一过程，需要有多种与嗅觉相关的蛋白参与，包括气味结合蛋白、化学感受蛋白、气味受体和感觉神经元膜蛋白等。了解昆虫感受外界信息的嗅觉机制可以帮助我们更好地理解昆虫识别配偶、天敌及寻找食物来源、产卵场地等行为特征，为进一步调控昆虫的行为、防控害虫侵袭、保护和利用有益昆虫奠定基础。本文综述了昆虫嗅觉相关的几类重要蛋白的生化特性和生理功能，并对昆虫气味分子的识别机制、气味分子在昆虫体内运输机制的最新研究进展进行了概述。
The olfaction is one of the basis of behaviors in insects. A complex olfactory system has been formed in the long-term evolution of insects. To complete this process, a variety of odor-related proteins are needed. These include odorant binding proteins, chemosensory proteins, odorant receptors, sensory neuron membrane proteins and so on. The olfactory mechanism of insects will help us to understand their behaviors, which include identifying spouse or natural enemies, finding food sources and the place for spawning and so on. It will lay the foundation of further regulation of insect behaviors and pests prevention, protection and use of beneficial insects. In this paper, thus, we summarized these odor-related proteins and their biochemical properties, physiological functions and identi-fication mechanisms of odor molecules and also the transportation mechanisms of these molecules in insects.

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昆虫感受外界化学信号是由嗅觉系统控制的,多种蛋白参与了这一过程,昆虫嗅觉参与其与外界的信息交流,使昆虫对寄主的选择、寻找配偶、觅食、群居、忌避及信息传递等行为作出反应。对嗅觉系统的结构、重要的相关蛋白及化学信号的传导机制等方面的最新研究进展进行了综述,并对昆虫的嗅觉机制的研究与应用进行了展望。
Chemical signals are detected by insects which are mediated by olfactory systems and many kinds of proteins are involved.The olfaction could communicate signals with the environment and make the behaviors, including habitat choosing, couple searching, food hunting, gathering, tropism, signal communication,etc.The authors summarized some recent advances on the olfactory-related structures, proteins and the mechanism of chem-electrical signal transduction,the study on olfactory mechanism and the application were proposed as well.

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蚊虫是传播疟疾、登革热、黄热病、日本脑炎等疾病的重要媒介，嗅觉系统影响着蚊虫的栖息地选择、繁殖、觅食、吸血、趋避及信息传递等行为。嗅觉受体是嗅觉系统的关键成分之一，近年来相关的研究较多。本文简介了蚊虫嗅觉受体蛋白的特征、表达与功能，此外，综述了结构和功能高度保守的Or83 b受体蛋白以及蚊虫驱避剂的研究进展。
Mosquitoes are one of the most important vectors for transmitting diseases such as malaria , dengue fever and yellow fever.In mosquitoes, the olfactory system plays a crucial role in many types of behavior, including nectar feeding, host preference selection and oviposition.Odorant receptors ( ORs ) are comprised of highly variable odorant-binding subunits associated with one conserved co-receptor.They are potential molecular targets for the development of novel mosquito attractants and repellents.ORs have been identified in the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, and in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti.This review enclosed the lately research progress of ORs, including the characteristics of structure, expression regulation and physiological function.Moreover, a highly conserved, broadly expressed olfactory receptor Or83b were summarized in the article.The relationship between OR with the development of mosquito repellents was also involved in the present paper.

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腺苷酸环化酶3(Adenylate cyclase 3,AC3)基因在小鼠主要嗅觉表皮(Main olfactory epithelium,MOE)内的嗅觉信号传导中起着重要作用,AC3缺失是否会导致MOE内与之相关的基因发生差异表达,尚待确定。文章利用抑制性消减杂交(Suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)方法,以AC3敲除(AC3-/-)及其同窝出生的野生型(AC3+/+)小鼠MOE为材料,构建了正向和反向两个消减文库,采用斑点杂交对消减文库进行初步筛选,对筛选出的差异表达基因进行序列测定及生物信息学分析,并利用荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)方法对其进行验证。斑点杂交筛选获得了386个差异表达克隆,随机选取其中的80个进行DNA序列测定,经序列比对后发现有62个在GenBank上获得了与之相匹配的基因信息,其中24个上调差异表达克隆对应于kcnk3、mapk7、megf11等基因,38个下调差异表达克隆对应于tmem88b、c-mip、skp1a、mlycd等基因。利用Gene Ontology(GO)方法对这些差异表达基因进行蛋白功能注释,发现它们主要集中在分子结合、细胞周期、生物和细胞过程等功能方面。选取其中上调基因kcnk3和下调基因c-mip、mlycd、tmem88b及trappc5进行qRT-PCR验证。结果表明,在AC3-/-小鼠MOE内kcnk3的表达量显著上调,是对照组小鼠的1.27倍,而c-mip、mlycd、tmem88b和trappc5的表达量显著下调,为对照组小鼠的20%、7%、32%和29%。这些基因的功能与K+通道、细胞发育与分化、脂肪代谢和膜蛋白转运等密切相关。推测它们可能与AC3基因共同作用,调节小鼠MOE内的嗅觉信号传导信息。
Adenylate cyclase 3 (AC3) is one of the major players in the olfactory signaling within the main olfactory epi-thelium (MOE) of mice. However, we are not ascertained whether deficiency of AC3 will lead to the differential expression of related genes in the MOE. Forward and reverse subtractive libraries were constructed by suppression subtractive hybri-dization (SSH) approach, with MOEs from AC3-/-and AC3+/+mice. These two libraries were primarily screened by Dot blot, differential expressed clones were sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics, and differential expressed genes were verified by qRT-PCR. A total of 386 differentially expressed clones were picked out after Dot blot. The DNA sequences of 80 clones randomly selected were determined, and 62 clones were identified by blasting in GenBank. We found that 24 up-regulated clones were corresponded to genes of kcnk3, mapk7, megf11, and 38 down-regulated clones were corresponded to tmem88b, c-mip, skp1a, mlycd, etc. Their functions we

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