胡适对于全中国的妇女解放运动的贡献不容忽视，他以西方资产阶级自由民主思想为武器，在批判传统妇女观的基础上，提出了他的妇女观。不仅对当时妇女解放运动起到关键性作用，也对当代女大学生自我意识产生了重要影响。

Hu Shi is an integral part of the women''s liberation movement. He took western bourgeois liberal democracy thought as the weapon, and on the basis of criticizing the traditional out-look on women, he put forward his viewpoint.That not only played a crucial role to the women''s liberation movement at that time, but also had important influence on contemporary female college stu-dents'' self-awareness.

女性教育课程是以一定的妇女观和教育理论为指导,根据女生身心特点和特殊学习需求开设的一系列课程。分析美国5所女子学院妇女学或性别研究专业课程设置发现,除开设美国妇女史、妇女学或性别导论、妇女/性别研究方法等专业基础课程外,这些学校开出了丰富的跨院系的妇女或性别研究选修课程,而且分种族、分地区研究妇女的课程占有一定比重。相比而言,我国女子高校女性教育课程资源不足,跨院系开设的女性教育课程十分稀缺。加强跨学科培养是提高我国女子高校教学质量的必由之路。

Women’s curricula are a series of courses provided by schools guided by women’s concepts and educational theory, based on girls’developing mental and bodily features, and meeting their special learning needs. Analysis of curriculums of women’s studies or gender studies in five American women’s colleges found the colleges have established specialized foundation courses such as American Women’s History, Theory of Women’s and Gender Study, Methods of Women, and Gender Study, etc., and they also provide many inter-disciplinary courses on women’s studies or gender studies to students. Courses of women’s studies occupy a certain proportion of studies by country or by race. Compared with American women’s colleges, China’s women’s colleges and universities experience shortages of curriculum resources, and inter-disciplinary courses in women’s education are scarce. To strengthen inter-disciplinary training is the only way to improve the educational quality of China’s wom

目的了解南宁市流动妇女的卫生服务需要、需求和利用现状。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,随机抽取南宁市青秀区5个社区,每个社区调查200户共1000例流动妇女,采用问卷调查方法进行入户调查。结果调查的社区流动妇女有48.63%没有做过妇女病普查,181人自报在两周内患有各类疾病,共计201人次,两周患病率为201.9‰;136人自报半年内患有各类慢性病,共计209人次,慢性病患病率为20.9%。54.01%的妇女有病愿意去医院看病,72.7%的妇女就诊时首选社区卫生院,181名两周患病者就诊307人次,两周就诊率为30.7%;46.80%的妇女认为诊治费会对他们的生活有影响,有86.70%的妇女愿意了解和获取卫生科普知识。结论流动人口收入低,负担重,选择医疗服务最重视价格因素,服务便捷性,要优化社区卫生服务,改革社区卫生服务的收费制度,减轻流动人口的就医负担,同时加强对流动人口的健康教育,转变其传统的健康观,提高流动人口妇幼保健服务利用。

Objective Learn Nanning migrant women health service needs and utilization status demand.Methods A cluster random sampling, random Nanning Green show District 5 community, each community survey a total of 1000 cases of 200 women, using household survey questionnaire method.Re-sults Community migrant women surveyed have not done diseases census 48.63%women, 181 were self-reported suffering from various diseases within two weeks, a total of 201 people, two-week prevalence rate was 201.9‰; 136 people suffering from the inside of each half year report class chronic, totaling 209 people, chronic disease prevalence was 20.9%.54.01%of women are willing to go to the hospital sick, while 72.7 percent preferred the community health center visits for women, 181 307 people visit the sick for two weeks, two weeks of treatment was 30.7%; 46.80%of women be-lieve that the diagnosis and treatment costs will affect their lives, there are 86.70%of women are willing to learn and access to healt

西蒙娜·德·波伏瓦在《第二性》中指出,"女人不是天生的,而是后天被塑造成的"。通过探讨历史上女人的处境,波伏瓦论述了父权制社会中女人受压迫的根源及其改变的可能性。波伏瓦对历史上妇女处境的剖析,具有鲜明的马克思主义的妇女观及其人性观的烙印;但她在《第二性》中对恩格斯和历史唯物主义的批判体现了开放的、黑格尔式的、接近存在主义的马克思主义与彻底的马克思主义的历史哲学之间的分歧,体现了对马克思主义思想的继承与超越。

In the The Second Sex, Simone de said, ” women are not born, but made of in reality” . Through the discussion of the history of women''s situation, Beauvoir expounded the root of women’ s oppression and the possibility of changing the situation in the patriarchal society. But, in the Second Sex, her criticism of Engels and historical materialism reflected the differences between open, Hegel’ s type, close to the existentialist Marxist and thoroughly Marxist historical philosophy, and reflected the inheritance and transcendence of Marxist.

他是俄国文学史上最具影响力的文学家和思想家之一，他的名字风靡世界，他的作品影响了一代又一代的文学家，他就是列夫?托尔斯泰。其作品的题材大多密切联系了俄国人民大众的家庭生活和爱情。作者通过对所有作品中都存在的极具代表性的女性形象的鲜活描写，来阐述自己的妇女观。为了浅析其笔下形象各异、个性鲜明的女主人公形象，本文试图从托尔斯泰的生活、家庭背景、所处历史背景以及作家的道德标准观方面入手。

Leo Tolstoy is one of the most influential writers and thinkers in the history of Russian literature, and his name is pop-ular all over the world and his works are influencing writers from generation to generation. The themes of his works are mostly re-lated to the common family life and love of Russian. Through the vivid description of female figures typically in all his works, Leo Tolstoy elaborated his outlook on women. To analyze the different and colorful female figures shaped by Leo Tolstoy, this paper at-tempts to start from Leo Tolstoy''s life and family background, historical background and moral standard.