地下水（潜水）位上升，在黄土（非饱和土）中会产生一种特殊的渗流现象———向上渗流。为了探索黄土中的向上渗流规律，研制了非饱和土向上渗流试验仪。试验仪器由补水装置、渗流装置、连接管及试验台等部件组成，可用来模拟不同水势压力（定水头压力）条件下潜水位上升的水土作用过程。该试验仪不仅可直接观察水在土中向上渗流的过程、渗流锋面形态及变化，而且可以获取渗流锋面位移－时间关系（渗流速度）、渗流压力－渗流速度关系等渗流特征参数，揭示向上渗流规律，服务于黄土灾害（滑坡、崩塌、地面沉降等）研究。基于此试验仪器，采取两组原状非饱和离石黄土，对其均分别进行定压力水头为1 cm、5cm、10cm的向上渗流模拟试验，试验结果表明：试验仪器能够较好模拟定水头压力条件下潜水位上升的水土作用过程、直观再现水在土中的向上渗流以及获取所需的向上渗流特征参数，具有一定的应用前景及价值。

Upward seepage,a special kind of seepage phenomenon,can be generated in the loess (unsaturated soil)on the rise of underground water(phreatic water)level.In order to explore the upward seepage law in the loess,the upward permeameter on unsaturated soil is developed.This experimental instrument consists of water replenishing device,seepage device,connecting pipe which connects the two devices and test bed.It can simulate the interaction between soil and water under different water pressure(constant head pressure)on the rise of water table.The tester can directly observe the process of water upward seepage in the loess,the shape and the change of seepage front and can obtain the relationship between seepage frontal displacement and time(seepage velocity),the relationship between seepage pressure and seepage velocity.Revealing the upward seepage law to serve the study of loess disasters(landslide,collapse,land subsidence and the like)is of great significance.On the basis of the

针对深基坑工程回灌管井设计中的一些问题进行了探讨，根据不同回灌目的，将基坑工程地下水回灌分为基于环境控制和基于水资源保护这两类不同控制要求的地下水回灌，同时阐述了这两种不同回灌模式下的控制原则、定水头回灌与定流量回灌模式的选取原则、极限回灌压力及设计最大回灌压力的计算、最大安全回灌水头和最大可回灌量的确定方法以及回灌井开启时间的设定等回灌管井设计问题。

Discussion is made on some problems in the design of recharge well for deep foundation pit engineering, accord-ing to different recharge purposes, groundwater recharge for foundation pit engineering is based on environmental control and water resource protection; the control principle, selection principles of constant recharge and constant flow recharge modes, calculation of limit pressure and designed maximum recharge pressure, maximum safe recharge water head and de-termination method of maximum recharge amount as well as recharge well opening time setting are elaborated.

地下水封石油洞库是利用饱水岩体密封性进行石油储存的方式。在地下水封石油洞库的建设中，由于工程体的出现，改变了区域地下水的补给、径流和排泄条件，干扰了原来平衡的地下水渗流场，为保证地下石油洞库的水封效果，需进行裂隙岩体渗透特性及地下水渗流场时空演化研究。以国内首个在建的大型地下水封石油储库为工程背景，结合现场试验数据分析，运用等效连续介质的方法，采用裂隙岩体各向异性渗透张量，建立三维地下水数值模拟模型，预测不同施工进程时地下水位的变化。分析预测结果表明：在地下洞室开挖过程中，无水幕条件下地下水位逐渐降低，主洞室部分区域出现零水头压力区，无法保证水封性；模拟运营期水幕巷道施加定水压力，地下水位上升至设计高度35 m且趋于稳定，可以满足水封效果要求。研究结果对地下石油洞库的水封性评价具有一定的工程意义和理论价值。

Underground petroleum storage caverns with the containment of groundwater is one of the methods for storage of petroleum. In the construction process of large water sealing petroleum storage caverns, the appearance of engineering excavation changes the surcharge, runoff and drainage conditions of the local groundwater and disturbs the equilibrium of groundwater seepage field. To ensure the water sealing effects, it is necessary to research the fractured rock mass permeability characteristics and space-time evolution behaviors of groundwater seepage field around underground storage caverns. In the engineering background of the first under-construction large water sealing petroleum storage caverns in China, the three-dimensional groundwater numerical simulation is performed using the method of equivalent continuum and permeability tensor theories combined with analysis of in-situ test data. Under anisotropic conditions, groundwater level change is predicted during different construction

通过对4种方案齿墩状内消能工进行初步试验研究,得出以下结论:齿墩状内消能工的泄流能力主要由面积收缩比决定,在面积收缩比相近的情况下,增加齿墩数目对过流能力影响不大;齿墩状内消能工的消能率η和速度水头与总水头的比值κ呈线性关系,其斜率为水头损失系数,消能率和水头损失系数随着面积收缩比的增大而减小,在面积收缩比大致相等的情况下,齿墩数目影响消能效果;4种方案的脉动压力都在距离齿墩消能段进口2倍的圆管直径左右达到最大值,然后急剧衰减,在距进口6倍的圆管直径处脉动压力强度逐渐平稳;在脉动压力均方根最大点处,方案d(即齿墩数为6、面积收缩比为0.350)的脉动压力虽然不完全服从正态分布,但其偏离程度不大。

Based on 4 kinds of dental shape internal energy dissipation for a preliminary experiment research,the following conclusions have been obtained:dental shape of the kinetic energy dissipation discharge capacity is mainly determined by the area contraction ratio,the area contraction ratio of similar cases,increase the number of dental collective ability little impact;Dental shape within the dissipation of eta and speed of water head and the ratio of total head kappa linear relationship,predominate the slope for the head loss coefficient,energy dissipation and head loss coef-ficient decreases with the increase of area contraction ratio,in the case of contraction area ratio is roughly equal,tooth block number influence ener-gy dissipation effect;Four kinds of schemes of fluctuating pressure are imported from dental energy dissipation section about 2 d reach the maximum intensity of fluctuating pressure,attenuation,and then a sharp after 6 d,import,smooth pulse pressure gradually;In the RMS

为了了解文丘里施肥器的工况特性,通过理论分析与试验测定,研究了进、出口压力,喉部水流流速和局部水头损失系数对喉部负压的影响及变化规律。喉部负压的变化随进口压力的增大呈负相关线性函数递减,当喉部负压降到最低值-0.09 MPa后,进口压力的增大将不再影响喉部负压变化;出口压力对水流通过喉部有阻滞作用,从而影响喉部负压的产生。出口压力越大,喉部负压的产生以及达到最小负压所需的进口压力越大;喉部水流流速对喉部负压的产生及变化与进口压力对其影响相似;对于不同的局部水头损失系数ξ1和ξ2,ξ值越大,喉部负压随进口压力的增大而降低的速度越缓慢,达到最小值-0.09 MPa时所需的进口压力越高。

In order to understand the characteristics of Venturi injector,this paper has researched the pressure of inlet and outlet,flow velocity of the throat,the influences and change regularity of the coefficient of local head loss to the throat negative pressure by the theoretical analysis and experimental measuring .The result showed that:The change of the throat negative pressure was submitted the decreasing negative linear correlation function,followed with increase of the inlet pressure .After the throat negative pressure decreased to the minimum value -0 .09 MPa,the throat negative pressure will be no any impact by the inlet pressure increasing .There was some blocking function by outlet pressure to the throat water flow,so it will be influenced the generation of the throat negative pressure,the more outlet pressure,the more inlet pressure needed to produce the throat negative pressure and to reach the minimal negative pressure .The flow velocity of the throat to the production and chan