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双语推荐：容差模型

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煤的比热容是热力工作中重要的基础参数,但到目前为止,比热容的获取尚未形成较系统的方法,大部分是根据经验公式和数学模型计算而得。本文就目前已有的各种实测方法和数学模型及其特点进行概述归纳。通过文献调研得知：对于实测方法,比较适用的有水卡计法和差示扫描法,其中水卡计法测试的温度范围较窄,一般在200℃以下;差示扫描法测试温度范围较广能达到1 000℃以上,但受测试条件的影响较大。对于数学模型,比较通用的有Kirov模型和Merrick模型,其中Merrick模型应用更广泛,在400℃以下模拟的较准确,在1 000℃以上与实测值偏差较大。因此,建议在较低温范围内,可通过数学模型和水卡计等方法获取煤的比热容;而在较高温度情况下,可采用差示扫描等方法进行实测获得。
The specific heat capacity of coal was an important basic parameter of thermodynamic engineering. Nevertheless, more systematic approach was not formed, and most of the values were calculated through empirical equations and mathematic models. Kinds of measuring methods and models mainly summarized and analyzed. Through literature research, both water calorimeter and DSC ( differential scanning calorimeter ) were widely used, water calorimeter only used under 200 ℃ and DSC much influenced with testing conditions could be used up to 1 000 ℃. To mathematical model, Kirov model and Merrick model were quoted by most of literatures. Merrick model had a higher accuracy under 400 ℃, but also had a serious deviation above 1 000 ℃. Therefore, under a lower temperature, mathematical model and water calorimeter would be better. At relatively higher temperature, DSC and other advanced methods would be more useful.

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大型对接设备的工作量大、对接要求较高,存在技术难度大、协作困难等问题。传统设备对接过程主要依靠人工操作和设备协调,导致对接效率较低,周期较长,无法满足当前大型对接设备的对接要求。提出了应用位姿变换原理的自动化对接过程虚拟仿真模型,分析了大型对接设备对接过程动力学模型,准确描述设备对接过程的碰撞特性,依据位姿变换理论,塑造两个对接设备坐标转换矩阵,进行对接设备位姿标定,规划对接设备对接过程中的调姿轨迹,完成自动对接。依据相应的规范判断对接结果偏差是否在容差区间中,若偏差在容差区间中,则完成对接过程,否则应重新进行对接,直至满足容差要求。仿真实验结果说明,该模型的仿真结果同试验数据十分接近,所提模型可实现机身位姿的精确自动定位,具有较高的稳定性。
Large dock equipment workload big, quality is higher, and there are technical difficulties, such as collaboration difficult problem. Traditional equipment docking process relies mainly on the manual operation and coordination, leading to a lower efficiency of docking, cycle is long, large dock equipment cannot meet the current requirement for docking. Put forward the principle of position transformation of automated docking process virtual model, analysis of the large dock equipment docking process dynamic model, accurately described equipment collision characteristics of docking process, based on the theory of position transformation, shape two docking device coordinate transformation matrix, docking the equipment calibration, planning in the process of docking device docking pose trajectory, complete the automatic docking, according to the corresponding specification to determine whether a docking results deviation in the tolerance range, if the deviation in the tolerance range, comp

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提出了基于支持向量机以及量化容差关系的数据补齐模型，针对不同区域数据塑造差异残缺数据的支持向量机预测模型，实现对跨区域差异残缺数据的预测，采用RBF神经网络修补残缺数据，通过基于量化容差关系的残缺数据补齐方法对残缺数据进行深度补齐，实现对跨区域差异残缺数据的进一步优化。实验结果显示了该种方法进行的跨区域差异残缺数据补齐效果优于传统方法。该种方法具有较高的补齐准确率，可获得满意的修补效果。
Is proposed based on support vector machine (SVM) and quantitative data filling model of tolerance relation, to shape differences of different regions of the support vector machine forecasting model of incomplete data, to achieve cross-regional differences of incomplete data prediction, RBF neural network was adopted to repair the damaged data, through quantitative tolerance relation based on incomplete data completion method on the depth of incomplete data is lacking, achieve cross-regional differences to optimize the incomplete data. Experimental result shows the approach across the regional difference of incomplete data supplement the effect is better than the traditional methods, this method has higher filling accuracy, a satisfactory repair effect can be obtained.

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立足于定向红外对抗系统（DIRCM）的干扰性能的研究，将目标导引头红外焦平面功率密度和系统持续照射目标时的照射容差角作为评价定向红外对抗系统干扰性能的两个指标。综合考虑大气传输透过率和光束传输过程中光束自身衍射效应与大气湍流效应引起的光束发散角对目标导引头接收功率的影响，建立了定向红外干扰模型，模拟了定向红外对抗系统照射光束在目标导引头红外焦平面上的功率密度。利用概率论置信区间的概念，将目标中心相对于光束中心的距离偏离量转化为角量与光束发散角进行对比，建立了定向红外对抗系统的照射容差角模型。通过仿真，定量分析了照射距离、大气湍流强度、光束出射口径对目标导引头红外焦平面的功率密度和系统照射容差角的影响。
The jamming performance of DIRCMis studied,and the power density on the target′s IRFPA(infrared focal plane array)and the tolerance angle of system′s irradiating are regarded as two indexes to evaluate the DIRCM′s jam-ming performance.Considering the influence of the diffraction effect in the atmospheric transmittance and the beam divergence angle from turbulence effect on the power density of target′s IRFPA,the jamming model of DIRCMwas es-tablished,and the power density of target′s IRFPA from DIRCM′s irradiating beam was simulated.Then the tolerance angle model of DIRCM′s irradiating was established based on the concept of confidence interval.By simulating the two models,influences of irradiating distance,turbulence intensity and beam irradiating caliber on the power density of the target′s IRFPA and the tolerance angle of system are analyzed quantitatively.

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针对目前电动汽车用动力电池一致性差,需对电池组中各单体电池间进行均衡控制的问题,在分析现有均衡方案后提出了基于容性电路的主动均衡方法。以国内某电动汽车上使用的电池为例,在Matlab/Simulink软件中建立主动均衡模型,仿真效果理想。
According to the electric vehicle power battery un-consistent problem,battery management system is needed to settle the un-consistent problem of batteries in the electric vehicle.Based on the analysis of existing equalization scheme,this paper introduced an active equalization method with ca-pacitive circuit.One kind of battery used in a domestic electric vehicle is set as an example and the active equilibrium model is established in matlab/Simulink software.The simulate results show that this scheme meets the expected requirement.

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采用传统的确定性优化方法对半挂汽车列车行驶平顺性进行设计时,由于忽略了不确定因素导致设计变量波动情况,从而获得的优化结果可靠性低。建立了9自由度的半挂汽车列车平顺性模型,在考虑设计变量波动的基础上,建立了基于容差模型的稳健优化数学模型。将优化结果与确定性优化结果对比可知,两种方法均提高了平顺性能,但是稳健性优化可靠度更高。
When traditional deterministic optimization is applied in the design of semitrailer train ride comfort, low reliability is produced due to neglect of uncertainty which causes design variable fluctuation. 9-DOF of semitrailer train ride comfort model is established, and based on the consideration of design variable fluctuation, a robust optimized mathematics model based on tolerance model is established. The optimization results are compared with deterministic optimization results, which show that both of the two methods improve ride comfort, whereas the robust optimization has better reliability than the traditional deterministic optimization design.

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为保证某企业注塑机合模机构的使用性能的稳健性,提出一种将Taguchi稳健设计理论和虚拟样机技术相结合的稳健设计求解方式。详细介绍了Taguchi三次设计方法的原理和步骤;应用ADAMS建立该合模机构的参数化模型;在参数化模型基础上,通过参数设计、容差设计先后得到了最佳参数组合和噪声因素下的最佳组合。优化结果表明:该方法提高了合模过程中开合模位置的重复精度。
To ensure the performance robustness of clamping mechanism of an injection molding machine,a solving method com-bining Taguchi robust-design theory with virtual-prototyping technology was proposed. The principles and steps of Taguchi three-stage design were described in detail. ADAMS was applied to build a parametric model of the clamping units. Based on the parametric mod-el,parameter design and tolerance design were developed to obtain the best parametric combination and the best combination of noise factors respectively. The optimal results show that the repeatability of the clamping process of the mold on opening and closing position is improved through the method.

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针对模拟电路故障诊断中存在的诊断信息不充分、参数容差及元器件的非线性等问题,利用最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)在小样本情况下良好的学习能力和泛化能力建立基于LSSVM的模拟电路故障分类模型.同时为提高故障诊断精度,采用粒子群优化(PSO)算法对LSSVM的参数进行优化,避免了参数选择的盲目性.最后以典型滤波器电路的故障诊断为例进行了仿真验证.实验结果证明基于PSO的LSSVM模型可有效改善遍历搜索引起的效率问题,其故障分类准确性及模型诊断效率都得到提高.
Aiming at insufficient diagnosis information and parameter tolerance of the traditional fault diagnosis methods, an analog circuit fault diagnosis method based on least square support vector machine(LSSVM)is proposed in this paper. The parameters of LSSVM are optimized with particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm to improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis. The experimental results demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

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对目标的成功抓捕，是未来完成空间站组装、卫星维修、燃料加注等在轨服务任务的关键，基于钢丝绳的末端执行器机构具有大容差、软捕获特性，对于捕获较大惯量和较大速度的航天器具有相当的优势。本文基于离散化方法，采用六维弹簧柔性连接方式建立了绳索动力学模型，并引入绳索与目标间的接触碰撞模型，获得末端执行器捕获动力学模型。所建模型可充分考虑捕获过程中绳索与目标间的接触碰撞过程，基于此模型可预示并预防捕获过程中瞬时的较大冲击。对于机构设计和控制器调试具有一定意义，并可作为物理试验的有效补充，解决我国未来空间大型目标捕获任务地面试验验证困难的问题。
Capturing the target successfully is the key to accomplish the on-orbit service tasks such as space station assembling,satellite maintenance and refueling in the future.The end effector based on the wire rope has the properties of big tolerance and soft capturing,so it has a definite advantage to capture the spacecraft which is of large inertia and high speed.A dynamics model of the rope using 6 dimensions spring flexible connection was built based on the discretization method,and the contact force between the rope and the target was introduced to obtain the dynamic model of capturing by the end effector.This model fully considers the process of contact-impact between the wire rope and the target.Because of having the ability to predict and prevent the impact brought during the capturing process,it is a meaningful exploration in designing of mechanism and controller,and is also an effective supplement for the physical experiment to solve the problem that it is difficult to do

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直接转矩控制技术以容差形式的Bang-Bang控制模式给系统的稳态运行带来了转矩脉动大、电流谐波成分重、定子磁链轨迹畸变等严重问题,大大限制了其应用领域,这一点已经成为传统直接转矩控制技术不可逾越的缺陷。本文基于模型参考自适应系统(MRAS)原理设计了一种自适应速度磁链观测器,把磁链观测和速度辨识结合在一起,将定子磁链观测值直接应用于直接转矩控制算法。运用SIMULINK中的库元件和S-function构建了感应电机无速度传感器直接转矩控制系统仿真模型,仿真波形验证了上述控制模型可行性。
Bang-Bang control mode of classic Direct Torque Control (DTC) technique introduces extra electromagnetic torque chattering, stator flux ripples, and current harmonics, which has become its inherent disadvantages and confined the DTC technique to be applied widely. The observation of stator flux and estimate of speed were proceeding at the meantime, the observed stator flux could be applied to direct torque control system. Based on the element and S-function in SIMULINK, the simulation former of speed-sensorless direct torque control system was set up. Simulated waveforms verify the feasibility of the control model.

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