【目的】本文旨在评价斑痣悬茧蜂Metrorus pulchricornis(Wesmael)刺扎寄主的行为机理。【方法】采用非选择性试验于室内观察了刺扎次序对其产卵决策的影响;并采用双选试验观察了具有刺扎不同寄主(健康的、自身刺扎过的、他蜂刺扎过的寄主)的经历如何影响寄生蜂对自身刺扎与他蜂刺扎过的寄主的选择。【结果】非选择性试验结果表明:当面对健康寄主时,寄生蜂刺扎次序对刺扎耗时在5%概率水平上没有显著影响,但在10%概率水平具有显著影响;刺扎次序对寄生率没有显著影响,第1至5次刺扎的寄生率依次为63.3%、46.7%、76.7%、70.0%和66.7%。双选试验结果发现,刺扎不同寄主的经历处理对刺扎寄主选择性没有显著影响(P0.05),具有刺扎健康的、自身刺扎过的和他蜂刺扎过的寄主的经历使寄生蜂选择被他蜂刺扎过的寄主的比例分别为65.5%、44.8%和50.0%。但刺扎经历显著影响刺扎耗时(P0.05),具有1次刺扎健康寄主经历的蜂的刺扎耗时显著短(2倍)于具有刺扎自身刺扎过的寄主经历的蜂,但与具有刺扎他蜂刺扎过的寄主经历的蜂没有显著差异(P0.05)。【结论】学习在斑痣悬茧蜂刺扎探测寄主行为的作用很小。

[Objectives] To gain insights into the mechanisms of ovipositor drilling behavior of Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). [Methods] Non-choice trails were performed to measure the influence of oviposition sequence on decisions with regard to Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae; dual-choice trails were conducted to detect effects of prior experience on oviposition preferences between self- and conspecific-parasitized hosts. [Results] The non-choice trials did not find significant effects of oviposition sequence on oviposition duration at the 5%level, but did at the 10%level. Oviposition sequence did not have significant effects on parasitization rate, which was 63.3%, 46.7%, 76.7%, 70.0%and 66.7%from the first to fifth host, respectively. The dual-choice trials did not find significant effects of oviposition experience on oviposition preferences between self- and conspecific-parasitized host larvae (P>0.05); percentages of attacking conspecific-paras

为了解檀香(Santalum album L.)与不同豆科植物的寄生关系,选取11种具有重要经济价值的豆科植物和檀香一起种植,对檀香叶片的光合特征和株高、地径以及寄主植物根系的吸器大小进行了测定。结果表明,檀香的吸器大小、数量在不同寄主之间存在很大差异,不同寄主对檀香的株高、地径也有显著差异。檀香的优良寄主有美洲合欢(Calliandra haematocephala)、苏木(Caesalpinia sappan)、台湾相思(Acacia confusa)、龙牙花(Erythrina corallodendron);一般的寄主植物有马占相思(Acacia mangium)、降香黄檀(Dalbergia odorifera)、黄槐(Cassia surattensis);不适宜的寄主植物有凤凰木(Delonix regia)、海南红豆(Ormosia pinnata)、银合欢(Leucaena leucocephala)、洋紫荆(Bauhinia blakeana)。同时,檀香的株高、地径及光合特征和吸器数量密切相关。因此,檀香种植时应选择适宜的优良寄主植物。

In order to understand the parasitic relationship between Santalum album L. and leguminous plants, eleven leguminous species were planted with S. album. The leaf photosynthetic characters, height and base diameter of S. album and its haustoria number and size were studied. The results showed that number and size of haustoria, height and base diameter of S. album had signiifcant differences among different hosts. The excellent hosts for S. album were Calliandra haematocephala, Caesalpinia sappan, Acacia confusa and Erythrina corallodendron, and Acacia mangium, Dalbergia odorifera and Cassia surattensis were just general hosts, while Delonix regia, Ormosia pinnata, Leucaena leucocephala and Bauhinia blakeana were unsuitable hosts. Meanwhile, the height and diameter, leaf photosynthesis characters of S. album had close relation with number of haustoria parasitized on roots of leguminous plants. So, the plantation of S. album should choose appropriate host plant.

寄生蜂之间的竞争作用是影响昆虫群落的大小、结构和稳定性的主要因素之一，也是影响寄主种群密度变化和生防系统有效性的关键因素。寄生蜂之间的竞争可发生在搜索寄主的成蜂之间（外竞争， extrinsic competition），亦可发生在同一寄主体内同时发育的幼虫之间（内竞争，intrinsic competition）。全面、深入地了解寄生蜂的种间和种内竞争互作关系、影响竞争结果的主要因素和竞争作用对寄主控效的影响等可为害虫生物防治体系中天敌的选择和管理提供依据，为建立持续有效的害虫生防体系奠定基础。本文首先从寄生蜂成蜂搜寻、定位寄主的能力和寄主识别的能力两个方面对寄生蜂成蜂的竞争能力进行了综述，其次又从物理攻击和生理抑制两个方面对寄生蜂幼虫的竞争能力进行了综述，最后指出了科学、全面、深入地阐明农业生态系统中多种寄生蜂间的相互作用关系的必要性。

Competition between parasitoid species may be a key factor in shaping size, structure and stability of insect communities as well as an important factor in influencing pest population density and the efficiency of biological control programs. Interspecific competitive interactions between parasitoids exist either between adult parasitoids searching and locating hosts (extrinsic competition) or between larval parasitoids sharing the same host (intrinsic competition). Further understanding the inter- and intraspecific competition in parasitoids and the factors affecting the competition outcome as well as its effect on host suppression could provide implications for selection and management of effective natural enemies in biological control program. We reviewed the interspecific competitive abilities of adult parasitoids in terms of host searching/location strategies and host discrimination, and the inter- and intraspecific competitive abilities of larval parasitoids developing within the

茶蚜是我国茶树的主要害虫之一。本文概述了茶蚜的主要生物学、生态学以及综合防治技术方面的进展，主要包括茶蚜的形态特征、发生规律、茶蚜对寄主的选择以及综合防治等，并对今后的工作重点进行了展望。

Tea aphids,Toxoptera aurantii Boyer,is one of the major pests in the tea plantations in China.This paper summarizes the recent advances on the studies of the biological characteristics,ecology and integrated pest control of the pest.The morphological characteristics,occurrence regularity,host selectivity,and agricultural, biological and chemical control measures of the tea aphids are included.Future research emphases in the field are discussed.

【目的】对重大林业害虫美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea(Drury)的重要寄生性天敌周氏啮小蜂Chouioia cunea Yang(膜翅目:姬小蜂科)一个Or83b直同源基因的cDNA全长序列CcOr1进行多角度的进化分析,为研究周氏啮小蜂嗅觉分子机制奠定基础。【方法】通过转录组测序的方法鉴定CcOr1基因全长,并对该基因进行序列及进化分析。【结果】该基因长度为1 428 bp,编码475个氨基酸;蛋白二级结构预测具脊椎动物G蛋白典型的七跨膜结构域。【结论】该基因较为保守,主要接受负选择压力。作为寄主广泛的寄生蜂,周氏啮小蜂与寄主单一的类群相比,其同义突变率较低,密码子偏好性较高。

Objectives To investigate the olfactory molecular mechanism of Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae). C. cunea is a significant parasitic natural enemy of the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea (Drury). We here provide the first description of the full-length cDNA of the Or83b orthologous gene of C. cune, named CcOr1. [Methods] We identified the full-length of CcOr1 and analyzed its gene sequence and likely evolution. [Results] Sequencing showed that CcOr1 is 1 482 bp in length, encoding 475 amino acid residues. The secondary structure of CcOr1 is similar to the G protein-coupled receptors of vertebrates with seven transmembrane regions.[Conclusion] The CcOr1 gene is highly conserved relative to other insects and appears to be primarily negatively selected. As a parasitic wasp with a wide range of hosts, C. cunea has lower synonymous substitutions and higher codon usage bias compared with host-specific wasps.