导航卫星自主导航，是实现导航电文在轨自主更新的有效途径。它是在轨卫星完全利用安设在它上面的测量设备和计算装置，通过卫星自行导航信息采集，进而实施在轨导航数据处理，生成导航电文，发送给用户，而不依赖于地面设备支持的导航。本文论述了导航卫星自主导航对导航电文的更新方法及其相关问题。

The satellite autonomous navigation is an effective way to realize an autonomous update to the navigation message on the orbits; it is that the on-orbit satellites fully rely on the measuring device and calculating device installed on them through satellite navigation information collection on their own, then carry out in-orbit navigation data processing, generate the navigation message, send it to the user, and it is the navigation that does not depend on ground equipment support. This paper discusses the updating method and related problems using the satellite autonomous navigation for the navigation message.

影像导航是新一代用户导航设备的重要特征,是对地图导航的必要补充和完善。文中阐述了影像导航的基本概念;简要介绍了国外典型影像导航系统的基本情况;重点讨论了影像导航的关键技术问题及其解决方案;客观分析了影像导航的优势和不足之处;对影像导航的发展趋势(即实景导航或视觉导航)也进行简要介绍。最后针对影像导航研究和配套建设问题,给出了作者的思考和建议。

Image-based navigation i.e. image navigation is one of the most important characteristics of a new gen-eration of navigation devices. It is the necessary complement to the map-based navigation i.e. map navigation . In this paper the concept of image navigation is firstly elaborated. Then the typical image navigation systems in other countries are briefly introduced. After that the focus of the discussion is put on the key technical problems of im-age navigation and their resolutions. The advantages and disadvantages of image navigation are also discussed ob-jectively comparing with map navigation. The further development of image navigation i.e. real-image-based navi-gation real-image navigation or vision-based navigation is also mentioned here. Finally the author s suggestions are given concerning the research and relevant constructions of image navigation.

随着导航定位技术和信息技术的发展,消费者对导航地图有了新的、更高的要求.市场上导航地图产品众多,同质化严重,如果做不到技术创新,很难继续生存下去.为了探究导航地图未来发展趋势和前景,本文针对导航地图的发展现状进行详细分析,从时间、技术层面将导航地图分为导航地图1.0和导航地图2.0.导航地图1.0主要表现形式有:二维电子地图、2.5维地图、遥感影像,导航地图2.0应包括二维矢量地图、高精度导航数据、三维地图、室内地图,支持语音导航、网络云导航.经过详细对比分析发现,导航地图1.0技术已经非常成熟,导航地图2.0虽然已经出现,但是还有很多技术、数据、硬件问题,停留在1.0到2.0的过渡阶段,称之为1.5.而导航地图产品未来能否成功,关键是能否成功过渡到2.0,在这一过程中,部分盈利模式单一,技术积累薄弱的公司将被淘汰.人们对地图认知的不断提高,希望导航地图能够更直观、更精细、更准确、更便捷、更快,新的导航地图能否成功应用,除了依赖于地图技术本身的发展,也依赖导航定位技术和IT产业发展.

@@@@With the development of navigation and positioning technologies and information technology, consumer has more requirements for navigation map. There are so many navigation map products in the market and serious homogeneity, if unable to do technical innovation, it is difficult to survive. In order to explore the future trends and prospects of navigation map, this paper made a detailed analysis on the state of the art of Navigation Map. Navigation map could be classified as Navigation Map 1.0(NM1) and Navigation Map 2.0(NM2). The features of NM1 include:2D electronic map, 2.5D map, remote sensing imagery. The features of NM2 include:2D vector map, High-precision navigation data, 3D map, indoor map, supports voice navigation and cloud navigation. The detailed comparison analysis showed that navigation NM1 technology is very mature, however, NM2 has a lot of problems of technology, data and hardware. With the increasing technical requirements of navigation map, many applications shoul

本文通过仿真实验，研究了基于星敏感器的天文/惯导组合导航系统的导航性能和特点。首先分析了天文导航的基本原理，并给出了天文/惯导组合导航算法的理论模型。在此基础上，建立了天文导航和捷联惯性导航的仿真模型，实现了天文/惯导组合导航系统仿真。仿真结果表明：基于星敏感器的天文/惯导组合导航能够有效抑制惯导的长时漂移累积误差，有利于实现机载远程长航时的高精度导航。

According to the simulation experiments, the performance and characteristic of CNS/INS integrated navigation are analyzed in this paper. Firstly, the basic theory of celestial navigation is discussed, and the algorithm of CNS/INS integrated navigation is presented. Then, the celestial navigation and inertial navigation simulation models are set up. What’s more, the CNS/INS integrated navigation simulation system is realized. The simulation results show that the accumulative errors of inertial navigation are checked effectively by the CNS/INS integrated navigation, which is benefit to realize the high precision airborne navigation with long-distance and long-endurance.

本文研究了深空探测转移段光学成像测量自主导航涉及的导航天体的选取与规划、导航天体图像的处理、观测方程与状态方程的建立、导航滤波算法的选取以及数学与半物理仿真验证等技术，提出了导航目标最优选取与成像序列规划、复杂导航星图提取与识别、无迹变换导航滤波以及光学成像测量自主导航仿真验证等方法。数学和半物理仿真试验验证结果表明，提出的方法有效提高了自主导航精度。

This paper investigates the autonomous optical navigation technologies for deep space transfer phase, in-cluding selection and planning of navigation target, processing of navigation image, establishment of observation and state equations, selection of navigation filter algorithm, along with numerical and semi-physical simulation method etc. The methods of optimal selection and image measurement planning of navigation target, processing and identifying of complex navigation image, navigation filter based on unscented transform, and simulation verification of autonomous optical naviga-tion are presented. The numerical and semi-physical simulation results demonstrate the valid improvement of autonomous navigation precision by using these methods.