山区河道水流阻力研究对于认识山区河道中水流特性、山洪行进过程以及山区河道输沙规律都具有重要的意义。本文从4个方面总结前人关于山区河道水流阻力方面的研究进展,包括:(1)泥沙阻力;(2)河道底坡与水流阻力的关系;(3)典型形体阻力;(4)阻力划分。其中泥沙阻力是肤面阻力的主要来源,这是以往研究中涉及较多的内容;河道底坡属于关注较多的形体阻力;其它形体阻力包括床面沙石突起、漂浮的树木、阶梯—深潭构造等均是山区河道所特有的,研究成果相对较少。阻力划分思想为从整体上得到具有普遍意义的阻力计算式提供了有效途径,但由于山区河道的阻力形成机制和物理来源尚未完全理清,使其应用受到一定的限制。今后还需在深入了解山区河道水流阻力机理的基础上,采用阻力划分方法对阻力系数量化做进一步的研究。

Flow resistance in mountain rivers has an important impact on flow and sediment transport,espe?cially on flash torrent propagation. Many researchers have been devoting themselves to this subject and we summarize these works about flow resistance in mountain rivers from the following four aspects:(1) grain resistance;(2) relationship between flow resistance and river-bed slop;(3) form resistance;(4) resis?tance partitioning. In which, grain resistance is dominant component of surface resistance and it was stud?ied sufficiently with abundant results. Bed slope resistance is a focus of the form resistance while other par?ticular parts of the form resistance in mountain rivers, such as resistance of boulders, floating wood and step-pool system,received much less attention. The previous researches mostly focused on part of the flow resistance causing these results lack of universality. Resistance partitioning is an effective approach to solve this problem,but the mechanism and origin of flo

简要介绍了MIKE11软件水动力学模型，并使用该模型对山区河道整治工程设计水面线进行复核计算。其计算结果表明， MIKE11软件能较好地适应山区河道水面线推求，计算成果精度高，同时对工程优化设计具有较好的应用价值。

This paper briefly introduced the MIKE11 software water dynamics model,and used the model for a mountain river realignment engineering design re-check and calculated the water line.The calculation results showed that the MIKE11 software could better adapt to the mountainous riv-er.and the consolidation calculation results had high precision, optimization design has good applica-tion value in engineering.

为研究如何在生态环境需水基础上进行合理的水资源配置,对宁夏固原城乡安全饮水水源工程受水区河道内生态环境需水量进行了分类和界定,并对河道内每一类生态环境需水量进行计算分析,结果表明:受水区各县(区)的河道内生态环境需水量由大到小依次为原州区、彭阳县、海原县、西吉县,基本呈南部山区向中部干旱带递减的趋势;受水区河道内基本生态环境需水量占河道内生态环境需水量比例较大,均在80%左右;受水区河道处于较好状况时的生态环境需水量占径流量的33%~35%。

In order to study how to allocate water resources reasonably based on eco-environmental water demand,this paper classified and defined the eco-environmental water demand of reception river channels of urban and rural safe drinking water source engineering in Guyuan area of Ningx-ia,and calculated each kind of eco-environmental water demand of river reaches. The results show that the quantity of eco-environment water de-mand from high to low is Yuanzhou District,Pengyang County,Haiyuan County and Xiji County,which basically presents decreasing trend from the southern maintain area to the central arid zone;the basic eco-environmental water demand has larger proportion of the total eco-environment water demand of river reaches and all of the percentage is about 80%;when the river reaches are in good conditions,the eco-environmental water demand is 33% -35% of runoff. The results can provide references for reasonable development,utilization and allocation of water resources in the recep-ti

随着经济建设的发展,河道管理范围内建设项目越来越多,在山区由于受地形地质条件限制,线性工程沿河谷布置的情况时有发生,增加了防洪影响评价工作的复杂程度.以高速公路沿河谷布设对河道行洪的影响分析为例,结合影响评价提出防治与补救措施,探讨线性工程沿河谷布设在防洪评价工作中应注意的问题.

The construction engineers are more and more in the scope of river management with the development of econo-my, and the linear engineers are sometimes built along the valley according to mountain orographic and geology condi-tions, which increase the complexity of flood control impacted evaluation. Take the impact of highway built along the valley on water flow for example, preventive and remedial measures are proposed combining with impacted evaluation, and the notable questions of flood control impacted evaluation which the linear engineers layout along the valley are discussed.

组装式连拱闸适用于低水头山区河道,具有结构简单,闸顶可溢流,景观效果好,施工及维修方便,使用寿命长,造价低等特点。橡胶坝适用于低水头平原河道,具有结构较简单,坝顶溢流,使用寿命短,充塌坝时间较长,冬季冰冻问题严峻,运行管理复杂等特点。文章结合工程实际应用,讨论比较了两个建筑物的特点及适用范围。

The assemble conjunction-arch sluice is options available for flat gradient streamway in mountain area , which is simplified structure, overflow on the top, better sight effect, easy for construction and servicing, long-time usage and low costs. The rubber dam is options available for flat gradient stream way in the north China plain , which is simplified struc-ture, short-time usage, and long period for filled or discharged, freezing seriously in winter and complicated for manage-ment. The article analyzes and compare with the two items with their charactors for the practice of engineering application.