时代主题的差异性造成了荣辱观差异性，“战争与革命”的时代主题造就了毛泽东的革命荣辱观，“和平与发展”的时代主题造就了邓小平的建设荣辱观；实践基础的差异性造成了荣辱观差异性，中国革命实践深刻影响了毛泽东的荣辱观，中国社会主义建设和改革开放实践深刻影响了邓小平的荣辱观；思维方式的差异性造成了荣辱观差异性，浪漫性思维使毛泽东晚年以实事求是为荣的光环逐渐褪色，与邓小平现实主义思维方式形成的以解放思想、实事求是为荣形成了巨大的反差。

Difference on the theme of the times caused the difference of the concept of honor and disgrace, ”the theme of war and revolution” has produced MAO zedong''s revolutionary concept of honor and disgrace, the subject of the era of “peace and development” has created Deng xiaoping''s construction of outlook for honor and dishonor; Difference in practice caused the concept of honor and disgrace differences, the practice of Chinese revolution deeply influenced MAO zedong''s concept of honor and disgrace, the practice of Chinese socialist construction and reform and opening up deeply influenced the Deng xiaoping''s concept of honor and disgrace; different ways of thinking caused the concept of honor and disgrace of differences, romantic thinking lead MAO zedong proud of seeking truth from facts of the aura gradually faded, making a huge constrast with Deng xiaoping’s realism thought which formed by emancipating mind, seeking truth from facts.

差异性是分类器集成具有高泛化能力的必要条件.然而,目前对差异性度量、有效性及分类器优化集成都没有统一的分析和处理方法.针对上述问题,本文一方面从差异性度量方法、差异性度量有效性分析和相应的分类器优化集成技术三个角度,全面总结与分析了基于差异性的分类器集成.同时,本文还通过向量空间模型形象地论证了差异性度量的有效性.另一方面,本文针对多种典型的基于差异性的分类器集成技术(Bagging,boosting GA-based,quadratic programming(QP)、semi-definite programming(SDP)、regularized selective ensemble(RSE))在UCI数据库和USPS数据库上进行了对比实验与性能分析,并对如何选择差异性度量方法和具体的优化集成技术给出了可行性建议.

Diversity is a necessary condition for high generalization capability in classifier ensemble. However, there exists no uniform analysis and operation methods for diversity measure, effectiveness analysis or ensemble optimization. To solve these issues, on the one hand, classifier ensemble with diversity is comprehensively summarized and analyzed from three aspects, i.e., diversity measurement methods, effectiveness analysis for diversity measurement methods and optimization techniques for classifier ensemble. Moreover, the effectiveness of diversity is also demonstrated by the vector space model. On the other hand, comparative experiments and analysis have been performed on UCI data sets and USPS data set with a variety of typical classifier ensemble methods (Bagging, boosting, GA-based, quadratic programming (QP), semi-definite programming (SDP), regularized selective ensemble (RSE)). Finally, we give some suggestions on how to select diversity measurement methods and optimization tec

自然地理环境具有整体性和差异性，整体性是相对的，而差异性是绝对的。正因为如此，才会出现不同的“地理划分”。

The natural geographical environment has the integrity and diversity, integrity is relative, and the difference is absolute. This is the reason of different geographical division .

在实际探究中，明确了高中数学教学和本科数学教学的差异性，数学是一门重要的学科，由于学生的知识水平和年龄差距以及学习目标的不同，使得高中数学教学和本科数学教学存在一定的差异。引用实例说明高中数学教学和本科数学教学差异性，并且根据相关专业课知识进行具体论证，得出差异性结论。

In the actual research , clear differences in high school mathematics teaching and teaching undergraduate mathematics is an im-portant subject, due to the students'' level of knowledge and the age difference and different learning objectives, teaching in high school there are some differences. Reference examples of differences in mathematics teaching in high school and undergraduate teaching, and re-lated specialized knowledge in specific demonstration, difference conclusions drawn.

以小白菜的10个品种为材料,对其营养成分含量进行测定和分析比较。结果表明:小白菜中维生素C含量较高,总体上叶片中的含量高于叶柄,品种间有显著差异性;蛋白质含量较高,大部分品种间在5%水平有差异性,但差异性不显著,个别品种间有显著性差异。在1%水平,差异均不显著;可溶性糖含量品种间差异较小,各品种叶片没有差异性。

Taking ten varieties of Chinese cabbage as materials, the contents of nutrient components were determined and compared. The results showed that Chinese cabbage had high vitamin C content in leaves. In general, the Vc content in the leaf was higher than that in petiole. There were significant differences among all the varieties. Protein content was high. There were differences among the varieties. Among the individual varieties there were significant differences. At the 1%level, the difference is not significant. The differences of soluble sugar content were small, and the differences were not significant.