首先引入有限联盟博弈的拟平衡点的概念，然后利用向量优化的稳定性理论研究该类平衡点的稳定性，获得了一个拟平衡点的稳定性定理，最后用同样的方法讨论了s－平衡点的稳定性问题，并获得了s－平衡点的稳定性定理。由于拟平衡点包括了一般的J－平衡点，因此文中的拟平衡点的稳定性定理更具有普遍性和实用性。

The definition of quasi-equilibrium in the coalition game is introduced in this paper.By using the stability theory of the vector function optimization, we obtain a stability theorem of the quasi-equilibrium. Finally, the stability problem of the s-equilibrium is discussed with the same method and a stability theorem of the s-equilibrium is obtained.In this paper, the general J-equilibrium is included in the quasi-equilibrium, hence the stability theorem of the quasi-equilibrium is more universal and practical.

从农田养分平衡的角度出发，通过磷平衡的计算方法、我国农田磷平衡的时空变异特征、不同作物农田磷平衡状况、磷平衡对土壤磷含量的影响等4个方面，综述了近年来我国农田磷平衡研究的主要进展。研究表明，我国农田磷平衡表现为整体盈余，且目前盈余程度仍在加剧；但不同区域间变异较大，部分农田磷亏缺，不同区域及不同作物间磷平衡呈现“两极化”发展趋势。不同研究者对于我国农田磷平衡的总盈余量、单位面积盈余量以及空间变异特征所得结果差异较大，不宜直接对比；而对时间变异、不同作物种植类型农田磷平衡以及土壤磷累积规律等方面的研究结果基本一致。为保持土壤磷养分库的稳定与提升，基于我国磷平衡研究现状，探讨了我国未来在磷平衡评价指标、改善磷平衡技术措施方面的几个研究方向，并提出政策措施引导、客观舆论宣传等建议。

Although phosphorus is an essential element for plant growth, over surplus of phosphorus can also cause water environmental hazards such as eutrophication. Phosphorus balance (PB) is an indicator for phosphorus input and output extensively used in agricultural and environmental research. In this paper, PB in croplands in China was reviewed from four different aspects — calculation method, spatio-temporal variability analysis, crop type difference analysis and soil phosphorus content analysis. The study showed surplus PB in China’s croplands and with increasing surplus levels. Regional variations in phosphorus surplus were significant, with farmland phosphorus deficiency in some areas which resulted in PB polarization. Due to differences in the calculation parameters or regional planning, vast differences were noted in different reports in terms of amounts of total surplus phosphorus, surplus phosphorus per hectare and spatial variation in surplus phosphorus. Irrespectively,

目的：探讨平衡仪视觉反馈训练对偏瘫患者下肢功能、平衡功能和步行能力的影响。方法：40例脑卒中后偏瘫患者分为平衡仪组和对照组各20例，两组患者均采用常规康复治疗，平衡仪组加用平衡仪视觉反馈训练法，治疗前后比较两组患侧下肢运动功能、平衡功能及步行能力。结果：两组患者治疗后下肢运动功能（FMA）、平衡功能（PST值、LOS值）和步行能力（步速、步长）均明显优于治疗前（P〈0.01），且平衡仪组显著优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：平衡仪视觉反馈训练法可有效改善脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢功能、平衡功能及步行能力。

Objective:To investigate the effect in visual feedback training of balance apparatus on lower limb function, balance function and walking ability of hemiplegia patients. Methods:40 cases of hemiplegia after stroke were divided into balance group and control group with each of 20 cases, both received routine rehabilitation treatment, balance group added visual feedback training of balance apparatus, lower limb motor function, balance function and walking ability of affected side were compared before and after the treatment between the two groups. Results:The lower extremity mo-tor function (FMA), balance function (PST, LOS) and walking ability (pace, step) of two groups after treatment were all significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.01), and balance group was significantly better than control group (P<0.05). Conclusion:Visual feedback training of bal-ance apparatus on stroke hemiplegia patients can effectively improve the lower limb function, balance function and walking

目的：探讨下腔静脉塌陷率评估脓毒症患者液体负平衡状态的临床价值。方法选取脓毒症患者94例，3 d内液体平衡状态始终为正平衡47例（正平衡组）、负平衡47例（负平衡组）。患者均接受彩色多普勒超声检查，计算下腔静脉塌陷率。结果正平衡组、负平衡组下腔静脉塌陷率分别为47．60％±10．98％、54．98％±5．78％，两组比较，P＜0．05。下腔静脉塌陷率预测液体负平衡的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0．705，以下腔静脉塌陷率52．79％为阈值，预测液体负平衡的敏感度为72．3％、特异度为61．7％。结论下腔静脉塌陷率能评估脓毒症患者液体负平衡状态，且敏感度较高。

Objective To investigate clinical value of inferior vena cava collapsibility index in evaluating negative flu -id balance in septic patients .Methods A prospective observational study was conducted , in which 94 septic patients were enrolled.94 septic patients were divided into positive fluid balance group (47 patients) and negative fluid balance group (47 patients ) .For septic patients , serial echocardiography was performed at 8 am and 8 pm in the first 3 days also after 24 h of negative fluid balance onset , the inferior vena cava collapsibility index was calculated .Results Compared with positive fluid balance group , the inferior vena cava collapsibility index was significantly increased in negative fluid balance group (54.98%±5.78%vs 47.60%±10.98%, P<0.05).The AUC(area under the curve)of ROC predicating onset of neg-ative fluid balance by inferior vena cava collapsibility index was 0.705.The cut off value of the inferior vena cava collaps-ibility index for discrimina

通过使用平面媒体指标法及内容分析方法，对检索到的428篇有关医院平衡记分卡的中国文献进行分析，发现医疗相关期刊是平衡记分卡在中国医院传播的主要渠道，医院职工和大学学者是平衡记分卡的主要传播者。通过实施平衡记分卡提高医院绩效，实现在经济效益和社会效益之间的平衡，成为平衡记分卡在中国医院传播的热点。研究认为，评价平衡记分卡在中国医院中是否是一种管理时尚为时尚早。

By Print-Media Indicators (PMI) and content analysis, 428 Chinese papers related to balanced scorecard (BSC) in hospitals were analyzed. It showed that healthcare related journals were the main channel for the diffusion of the BSC in Chinese hospitals, hospital staff and academics were the main propagators in the diffusion of the BSC. Promoting hospital performance by the help of balanced score card to balance hospital financial status and social benefit was the hot point of BSC in China. It shows that it is too early to assess whether the BSC is a management fashion in China’s hospitals.