以云母(001)为衬底，采用无机溶胶-凝胶法，通过添加表面活性剂十二烷三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)，以及加入同一元素族、不同粒径的无机盐离子 Li＋、Na＋、K＋和同一周期、不同价态的 Na＋、Mg2＋、Al3＋制备多孔 VO2薄膜。采用SEM、FT-IR等手段分析薄膜的微观形貌特征和热致相变性能。结果表明，不同化合价、不同粒径的无机盐离子对多孔VO2薄膜的颗粒尺寸分布、微观形貌以及热致相变性能产生影响。

Porous vanadium dioxide films had been fabricated by adding the same main group and different radius inorganic ions Li+,Na+,K+,the same cycle and different valence inorganic ions Na+,Mg2+,Al3+on muscovite (001)substratum with the addition of surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)by sol-gel meth-od.SEM and FT-IR were used to analyze the morphology and thermochromic properties of the films.The results reveal that different valence and size inorganic ions have great effects on grain size,morphology and thermo-chromic properties of porous VO2 films.

采用激光粒径分析仪、比表面积测定仪等对自制CAT-P型催化剂、进口CAT-Z型催化剂及国产CAT-B型催化剂的粒径分布及微观结构进行了表征,并研究了催化剂的活性、动力学行为、氢调敏感性及聚合性能等。结果表明:与CAT-Z型、CAT-B型催化剂相比,CAT-P型催化剂的比表面积和孔径较大,粒径分布跨度较小,为1.36,说明其粒径分布更集中;CAT-P型催化剂的氢调敏感性与CAT-Z型催化剂相当,优于CAT-B型催化剂;用CAT-Z型、CAT-P型催化剂制备的聚乙烯的密度明显下降,说明其具有较好的聚合性能。

Particle size distributions and microstructures of the homemade CAT-P catalyst, the imported CAT-Z catalyst and the domestic CAT-B catalyst were characterized by using laser particle size analyzer and specific surface area measurement. And the activity, kinetics, hydrogen sensitivity and polymerization perfor-mance etc. of the catalysts were studied. The results show that the surface area and the pore diameter of the CAT-P catalyst is much bigger, and its particle distribution is more concentrated with the particle size span of 1.36 compared with CAT-Z catalyst and CAT-B catalyst. The hydrogen sensitivity of CAT-P catalyst is similar to that of CAT-Z catalyst and better than that of CAT-B catalyst. The density of the polyethylene prepared with CAT-Z catalyst and CAT-P catalyst decreased significantly, which shows that they have outstanding polymerization performance.

研究了超硫酸盐水泥(简称SSC)胶凝材料体系中矿粉、石膏和水泥熟料的粒径变化对其力学性能的影响,借助激光粒度分析仪和扫描电子显微镜分别分析粉料粒度分布和SSC试件的微观形貌,得出从粉料粒径角度提高SSC力学强度的相关方法。研究表明,矿粉粒径对力学强度影响最为明显,随着矿粉粒径变小,力学强度呈现增大的变化趋势。矿粉比表面积为545m2/kg的试件相对于比表面积为227m2/kg的试件28d抗压强度增加31.8%;石膏粉磨至比表面积为350~450m2/kg比较适宜,不磨或粉磨时间过长对力学强度均有不利影响;水泥熟料粒径对力学强度影响相对较小,粉磨至比表面积高于350m2/kg就可以满足SSC的配制强度要求。

Effect of slag, gypsum and cement clinker particle diameters on the mechanical property of super sulphated cement (SSC) are studied. In order to obtained some relevant methods of improving SSC mechanical strength, the powder particle size distribution and microstructure of SSC specimens are analyzed by laser particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the most remarkable factor of powder to influence SSC mechanical strength is slag particle diameter, there exists opposite change trend between them. The specimens 28 days compressive strength with slag surface area 545m2/kg increased 31.8% to the surface area 227m2/kg. The gypsum surface area range from 350m2/kg to 450m2/kg is favorable, no grind or too much both have adverse effect on mechanical strength. Cement clinker particle diameter has a relatively slight effect on the mechanical strength, grinding surface area to 350m2/kg can meet the requirements of SSC mechanical strength.

针对颗粒介质力学特性的颗粒尺度效应研究,选用土矿物颗粒制备不同颗粒尺度的抗剪试样,进行一系列直剪快剪和三轴抗剪试验,测得了不同颗粒粒径和体分比试样的变形曲线及剪应力强度;基于颗粒间微观作用力与重力比值和胞元体模型,首次从微观和细观角度解释颗粒尺度效应的物理机理.结果表明,随着介质中粗颗粒的比例增加和粒径减小,介质变形特性增强,剪应力强度也随之提高;体分比对变形和强度特性的影响比粒径的影响更加显著.基于介质特性尺度效应物理机理分析,提出衡量介质颗粒聚集和摩擦效应的微重比判别参数以及应变梯度和变形协调微裂纹引起颗粒尺度效应的细观机理解释;文中提出的胞元体模型大大减少了颗粒物质体系的计算自由度,为工业和工程设计的计算建模提供一种可行途径.

Shear test samples of different grain sizes are prepared by using mineral particles of soil, and a series of tests of quick direct shear and tri-axial shear are performed to study the size effect of granular media. Deformation curves and shear stress strength are given of test samples with particles of different size and volume fraction. On the basis of the ratio of micro-acting forces between particles to gravity and the cell element model, physical mechanism of grain size effect is, for the first time as far as we know, explained on the micro-level and mecro-level respectively. Test results show that the deformation characteristic of granular media is enhanced and its shear stress strength increases with increasing volume fraction and decreasing of particle size, and the effect of volume fraction on the deformation characteristics and strength is more notable than that of grain size. According to mechanism analysis on size effect, parameter ratio of micro-acting forces to gravity is

利用行星式球磨机对药用三七进行超微粉碎试验,就不同的球料比、转速、球磨时间对三七粉体粒径大小的影响进行了研究,并对粉碎前后粉末的粒度分布及微观形貌进行了表征.结果表明,球料比在m(研磨球)∶m(三七)=10∶1,转速500 r/min,时间90 min时得到的三七粉末粒度均匀,平均粒径11.992μm.电子显微镜观察到大片破裂细胞碎片,无大颗粒团块,表明单细胞充分破壁.

Experiment result of superfine pulverization of medicinal notoginseng by ball milling was investi -gated in this paper .The effects of different parameters such as ball material ratios , rotation speed and ball milling time on particle size of notoginseng powder were studied .The particle distribution and microscopic morphology were also examined .The results showed that the particle size of notoginseng was uniform and the average size was 11.992μm under the ball material ratio of 10 to 1, the rotation speed of 500 r/min and the milling time of 90 min.Large rupture of cellular debris and no clumps of particles could be ob-served , under electron microscope , which indicated that the single cells were fully broken .