分布式光纤传感器根据其原理可以分为瑞利散射分布式光纤传感器,拉曼散射分布式光纤传感器以及布里渊散射分布式光纤传感器。分布式光纤传感器因具有测量范围宽,测距长,高灵敏度和高精度而得到广泛应用,但它在油田领域的一些应用却相对陌生。本文的目的在于阐述分布式光纤传感器在数字油田应用中的研究进展,反映国内外对这块领域研究的现状,分析各种分布式光纤传感技术的优缺点,以此使得其在数字油田中有更好的应用前景。

Distributed optical fiber sensors can be divided to Rayleigh Scattering distributed optical fiber sensors, Raman Scat-tering distributed optical fiber sensors and Brillouin Scattering distributed optical fiber sensors according to the principal. Distributed optical fiber sensors have been widely used because of the wide measuring range, long distance, high sensitivity and accuracy, but the applications in the oil fields is relatively unfamiliar. The research progress of the application of distributed optical fiber sensor in the digital oilfield is introduced to reflect the situation of domestic and international research. The advantages and disadvantages of distrib-uted optical fiber sensors are analyzed for the better application prospect in the digital oilfield.

为了验证高速数字摄像法在炮口振动位移测试中的应用效果,以完善炮口振动位移测试方法,开展了炮口振动位移高速数字摄像法测试技术的研究.本文用电涡流位移传感器和高速数字摄像系统同时测试射击时的炮口振动位移,将二者结果进行对比,以此评价高速数字摄像法的应用效果.在炮口布置测试运动标识,高速数字摄像系统布置在火炮侧面,图像测试结果记录在计算机磁盘上,采用高速运动分析软件处理炮口振动位移曲线.结果表明,炮口振动位移高速数字摄像测试法测试结果与电涡流位移传感器测试结果曲线形状和数值基本一致,二者相对误差小于1%,故高速数字摄像测试法能满足火炮测试精度要求.

In order to validate the application effect of high speed imaging method for the muzzle displace -ment measurement and to perfect the measurement method of muzzle vibration displacement ,the research of measurement technology was developed .The measure result of the muzzle vibration displacements is compared with the eddy current sensor and high speed imaging system ,validate the application effect of high speed im-aging method with the compare result ,arrange the measurement indicator on muzzle and place the high speed imaging system on the gun side .Then the imaging measurement results are recorded in computer disk and the curves of muzzle vibration displacement are processed by the analysis software of high speed motion .The re-sults show that the curves profile and values are consistent by comparing the eddy current sensor and high speed imaging system .The relative error is less than 1% .The measurement results of high speed imaging sys-tem can satisfy the requirements of gun meas

利用智能温湿度传感器、8位单片机、键盘数字显示模块控制器构成一种高集成温湿度测量系统，该测量系统具有传感器非线性补偿、温度补偿、自校准以及断电保护现场置入等功能，可用于温度、湿度和露点的精确测量。

A temperature and humidity measurement system consisted of intelligent temperature and humidity sensor,8 bits single chip microcomputer and keyboard digital display module controller were integrated. This system had some functions such as sensor nonlinear compensation, temperature compensation, self calibration and power -off protection. It can accurately measure temperature and humidity parameter.

在空间多传感器温度测量中，由于温度探测器多，因此快速测量是基本要求。本文分析了数字温度传感器DS18B20的特性，分析计算了温度测量时间和数据读取时间，在此基础上，设计了传感器驱动电路和数据读写时序，提出了新颖的串并结合的多传感器分布式空间温度测量技术方案，实现了每路10个DS18B20数字温度传感器同时启动，分时读取数据，8路并行的多点温度快速测量。同点温度测量标定实验和实际空间的温度分布测量的实验结果良好，说明方案具有可行性和优越性。

Fast measurement is a basic requirement for spatial multi-sensor temperature measure-ment since many sensors are needed. Based on the analysis of the digital temperature sensor DS18B20’s characteristics, its temperature measurement time and data access time, the sensors’driver circuit and data access time sequence were designed. In this design, a novel method of distributed spatial tempera-ture measurement was proposed. The system contains 80 sensors with 8 buses in parallel and 10 sensors on each bus. Those 80 sensors start measurement simultaneously and the 8 buses read the measurement data in parallel. The good results of experiments on same-point-temperature measurement and actual spatial-temperature-distribution measurement illustrated the feasibility and advantages of this system.

针对无源超高频射频识别传感器标签大规模运用的需求,采用中芯国际0.35μm互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)工艺设计并制造了一种低成本、低功耗的湿度传感器.湿度传感器单元采用聚酰亚胺作为感湿材料,利用顶层金属层制作叉指结构电极,制造过程与标准CMOS制造工序兼容,无需任何后处理工艺.接口电路部分基于锁相环原理,采用全数字电容.数字直接转换结构,能够工作在接近工艺阈值电压下.后期测试结果显示,该湿度传感器在常温下灵敏度为36.5 fF%RH,最大回滞偏差为7%,响应时间为20 ms,0.6 V电源电压下消耗2.1μW功率.

This paper presents a low-cost low-power humidity sensor for applications of ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification sensing tag. The humidity sensor element, based on standard SMIC 0.35 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, utilizes polyimide as sensing material and fabricates the interdigitated electrodes in top metal layer without any further post-processing. The humidity sensor interface, based on phase-locked loop theory, employs fully-digital architecture and achieves direct capacitance-to-digital conversion, which allows the supply voltage to be close to threshold voltage. The measurements at 25 ?C show that the proposed humidity sensor achieves a sensitivity of 36.5 fF%RH, maximum hysteresis error of 7%, response time of 20 ms, and 2.1 μW power dissipation at 0.6 V supply voltage.