朱砂作为传统中药，至今应用十分广泛。随着临床实践不断发展，对朱砂的认识也逐渐加深，经历了从“无毒”到“有毒”的过程。目前对朱砂和含朱砂制剂的质量和疗效评价主要以总汞含量为指标，但这会导致其毒性被放大，临床应用的安全性遭到质疑，不良反应案例增多，严重影响到临床的使用。为此，本文就朱砂的临床药效、毒性认识及质量控制等进行综述，为朱砂在中成药中的药用价值评价提供参考。

As traditional Chinese herbal medicine, cinnabaris is still widely used in the clinical treatment so far. With the further development of clinical practice, the understanding of cinnabaris is gradually deepening from“non-toxic”to“toxic”. Recently the quality and efficacy of cinnabaris and pharmaceutical preparation containing cinnabaris are mainly evaluated according to the total mercury content, which would lead to the expansion of toxicity of cinnabaris. Therefore, its security is suspected in application and cases with adverse reactions are increasing, which have already created obviously negative impact on its clinical application. This article reviewed the clinical efficacy, toxicity cognition and quality control of cinnabaris, hoping to provide reference for the evaluation of its medicinal value in Chinese patent medicine.

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-OES）检测湘产朱砂中Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb的含量,为矿物药的重金属检测提供参考。方法通过对比湿法消解,优选出微波消解作为朱砂样品的前处理方法,结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）的分析手段,对湖南产的11批朱砂样品中重金属含量进行检测。结果方法的线性相关系数为0.999 8～1.000 0,检出限为0.18～5.54μg·L^-1,RSD为0.55%～3.20%,回收率为84.30%～108.36%,经方法学验证适合同时测定朱砂中Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb的含量。结论该方法简便、准确,可同时检测朱砂中重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb的含量。

Objective To determine the contents of heavy metals in cinnabar from Hunan province by means of microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and provide references for determination of heavy metals in mineral drugs.Methods Microwave digestion was selected as the optimal pretreatment method for cinnabar samples by comparing with the wet digestion method and the contents of Cd,Cr,Cu and Pb were determined in 1 1 lots of cinnabar from Hunan province by ICP-OES. Results The linear correlation coefficient was 0.999 8-1.000 0. The value of detection limit (3σ)was 0.18-5.54 μg·L-1 .The relative standard deviation in measurement was 0.55%-3.20%,and the rate of recovery of standard sample addition was 84.30%-108.36%.Method validation showed that this method was suitable for simultaneous determination of the contents of the above mentioned elements in cinnabar.Conclusion ICP-OES with microwave digestion is rapid,reliable and the method

近年来外观形似鸡血石的红色朱砂玉备受关注，其中吉林、贵州、青海等地这种红色岩石已有矿物成分、岩性等相关方面的研究。本文利用常规宝石常数测定手段（偏光显微镜）、X射线粉晶衍射、激光拉曼光谱、电子探针等分析测试技术，对陕西旬阳朱砂玉的矿物学和宝石学特征进行了研究。结果表明，该产地朱砂玉的矿物成分以石英、辰砂为主，含有少量的方解石、白云石、重晶石、黄铁矿；其中主要矿物成分辰砂的颜色随铁含量的增加而逐渐加深；矿物结构以碎屑结构、粒状变晶结构、穿插交代结构为主。根据矿物成分以及矿床成因的研究分析，初步认为陕西旬阳朱砂玉属于沉积－热液－强烈改造型矿床。该地区的朱砂玉与鸡血石的相似之处在于矿物的主要成分都含有辰砂，致使外观品质上具有一定的相似性，但具体矿床成因以及矿物成分有着明显的差别：旬阳朱砂玉产于沉积－热液－强烈改造型矿床中，其“地”主要矿物成分为石英岩，“血”为辰砂；而浙江昌化和内蒙古巴林鸡血石均产于中生代交代蚀变酸性火山岩的次级断裂小构造中，其“地”主要为地开石、高岭石、叶腊石，“血”为辰砂。此次研究采用多种分析测试手段为旬阳朱砂玉与鸡血石的鉴别提供了可靠的依据。

In recent years,due to the similar appearance of Chicken-blood stone,red cinnabar jade has been a research concern of mineral composition,lithology and other related aspects in Jilin,Guizhou,Qinghai and other places.To investigate this further,mineralogical and gemological research has been conducted on cinnabar jade in Xunyang, Shannxi Province,by means of conventional gemstone constant determination method (Polarizing Microscope ),X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD),Laser Raman Spectroscopy (LRS)and Electron Probe.The main mineral compositions of the samples are quartz and cinnabar,with minor calcite,dolomite,barite and pyrite.The color of cinnabars becomes darker with the increase of iron content.The mineral textures are mainly clastic,granular and interpenetration metasomatic.Both the red cinnabar jade samples and bloodstone contain cinnabar,leading to their similarity in appearance.Moreover,there are obvious differences in deposit genesis and mineral composition between them.

观察朱砂安神汤联合氟伏沙明治疗心脏神经症临床疗效。方法:2013年2月-2014年3月收治心脏神经症患者70例,随机分为联合组35例和对照组35例。联合组用朱砂安神汤配合氟伏沙明治疗,对照组仅服用氟伏沙明治疗。结果:联合组总有效率94.28%,对照组总有效率77.14%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:朱砂安神汤联合氟伏沙明比单使用氟伏沙明治疗心脏神经症疗效显著,且明显改善患者口干、口苦症状。

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of cinnabar anshen decoction joint fluvoxamine in the treatment of cardiovascular neurosis.Methods:70 cases of cardiovascular neurosis from February 2013 to March 2014 were randomLy divided into the joint group of 35 cases and the control group of 35 cases.The joint group were treated with cinnabar anshen decoction joint fluvoxamine,and the control group only were treated with fluvoxamine.Results:The total effective rate of the joint group 94.28% ;compared with that of the control group 77.14% ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The effect of cinnabar anshen decoction joint fluvoxamine is better than fluvoxamine in the treatment of cardiovascular neurosis,and it obviously improves patients? symptoms of dry mouth and mouth bitter.

目的建立全痔膏中冰片、硼砂、滑石粉、朱砂和银朱药味的质量控制方法。方法分别采用薄层色谱法,理化分析法,原子荧光分光光度法。结果冰片薄层鉴别实验重现性良好;硼砂和滑石粉理化反应鉴别试验重现性良好;原子荧光分光光度法测朱砂与银朱中硫化汞含量实验结果符合规定。结论该方法简便易行,准确可靠,可用于全痔膏的质量控制。

Objective To establish the quality control method of ingredients borneol, borax, talcum powder, cinnabar and vermillion cinnabar in Quan Zhi Gao. Methods The thin layer chromatography (TLC), the physical and chemical analysis method and atomic fluorescence spec-trophotometry were used in the analyses, respectively. Results The identifying TLC experiments of borneol and physical and chemical analysis identifying experiments of borax and talcum powder, all have good reproducibilities. HgS contents in cinnabar and vermilion conformed to the provisions. Conclusion The method established is simple, accurate, reliable and can be used in quality control of Quan Zhi Gao.