棉籽低聚糖是一种功能性低聚糖,可应用于食品、化妆品、医疗等方面。目前,棉籽低聚糖与蛋白的分离是最大的技术难点之一。作者研究了棉籽低聚糖和蛋白的凝胶色谱法分离。以棉籽糖和牛血清白蛋白混合溶液为原料,采用Sephdex G-10、Sephdex LH-20和Toyopearl HW-40C三种不同凝胶制备柱为固定相,考察了凝胶种类、温度、流动相组成、进样浓度等因素对分离的影响,确定了适宜的工艺操作条件:以去离子水为流动相,HW-40C凝胶为固定相,柱温40°C,上样浓度100 mg?mL-1,进样体积1 mL,流速为1.82 BV?h-1。在该工艺条件下,脱脂棉粕提取液经凝胶色谱分离可得到纯度达89.1%的棉籽糖,收率为64.8%。本方法具有操作简便,分离效率高,产品质量好,为棉籽低聚糖和棉籽蛋白的制备研究提供了一种新的方法。

Raffinose is a functional oligosaccharide that can be used in food, cosmetics and organ transplant engineering. Currently, the separation of raffinose and proteins is a problem. Gel permeation chromatography was used to separate raffinose and BSA, and factors such as gel packing type, temperature, mobile phase composition and feed concentration were investigated. An optimized chromatographic condition was using Toyopearl HW-40C as the stationary phase and deionized water as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.82 BV?h-1. Moreover, the process was operated at 40°C with feed concentrations up to 100 mg?mL-1. A raffinose recovery of 64.8%and purity of 89.1%are obtained from raffinose extract under such conditions. This method is simple and effective in removing plant proteins for oligosaccharide purification.

为筛选出适合珠海地区灵芝栽培的基质配方,采用不同木屑原料、不同配比等进行灵芝优良菌株的栽培研究。研究结果发现,以台湾相思为木屑原料以及木屑与棉籽壳的比例为1:1时,灵芝的菌丝生长、子实体形态特征、产量和有效成分等4项综合性状最优。综合来看,珠海本地的灵芝高产栽培基质配方为:木屑35%,棉籽壳35%,麦麸20%,玉米粉6%,糖1%,石膏1%,碳酸钙1%,磷酸二氢钾1%。此配方含水量60%。

In order to screen the suitable culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum in Zhuhai, four kinds of wood materials and different ratio of wood materials for Ganoderma lucidum cultivation were studied in this paper. The results showed that when cultivation with Taiwan Acacia sawdust and the ratio of wood material: cotton seed shell being 1:1, the comprehensive characters including mycelium growth, fruiting body morphology, yield and active components of Ganoderma lucidum were the best. In general, the optimized culture medium formula for Ganoderma lucidum cultivation in Zhuhai was: wood 35%, cottonseed shell 35%, wheat bran 20%, corn powder 6%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, calcium carbonate 1%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, water 60%.

本试验旨在研制一种适合工业生产用的配方成本低、生长效果好的酵母菌液体培养基。试验以当地8种农副产品为主要原料,采用均匀试验方案设计培养基组方,通过测定液态培养基发酵后酵母活菌数及酵母多糖含量来选择最佳碳源和氮源,并通过确定复合碳源、碳氮比及无机盐添加量最终确定液态培养基的组方。结果表明:酵母菌液体培养基组方为无水葡萄糖0.9%、糖蜜4.5%、麸皮3.6%、玉米干酒糟及其可溶物0.3%、棉籽粕0.275%、酵母浸膏0.075%和(NH3)2SO40.08%,无机盐为KH2PO40.3%、MgSO40.03%和CaCl20.03%,此时活菌数为2.38×108CFU/mL,β-葡聚糖和甘露聚糖含量分别为651.6和210.8 mg/L。由此可见,酵母培养液既适用于工业生产中酵母菌的快速生长繁殖,又能节约原料成本。

This experiment was conducted to develop a low-cost yeast liquid medium which was used in indus-trial production and had a good growth effect. In this study,eight kinds of local agricultural products were used as fermentation substrate. The components of the medium were designed by uniform design and the yeast viable count in the liquid medium after fermentation and the content of yeast polysaccharide was determined to select the best carbon source and nitrogen source. Then the composition of the liquid medium was determined by measuring the ratio of composite carbon source and composite nitrogen source and inorganic salts addition. The results showed that the composition of the yeast liquid culture included anhydrous glucose(0.9%),molasses (4. 5%), wheat bran ( 3. 6%), corn distillers dried grains with solubles ( 0. 3%), cottonseed meal (0.275%),yeast extract(0.075%)and(NH3)2SO4(0.08%).The inorganic salts included KH2PO4(0.3%), MgSO4(0.03%)and CaCl2(0.03%). The viable count

我国棉花资源丰富,棉花加工的副产物——棉籽经脱壳提油后的棉籽粕中蛋白质含量高达40%~50%。棉籽蛋白是一种营养价值高、品质良好的植物蛋白资源。介绍了棉籽蛋白的营养价值以及脱酚棉籽蛋白粉、棉籽浓缩蛋白、棉籽分离蛋白等产品的制备工艺及产品的溶解性、持水性、持油性、乳化性与乳化稳定性、起泡性与泡沫稳定性等功能特性的研究进展,并对棉籽蛋白产品目前在食品、饲料、发酵等领域的应用情况进行了论述。

Cotton is an enormous resource in China, and the protein content of cottonseed meal reaches up to 40%-50% after cottonseed oil is extracted. Cottonseed protein is a kind of vegetable protein with high nutritional value and good quality. The nutritional value of cottonseed protein and production processes of dephenolized cottonseed protein powder, cottonseed protein concentrate and cottonseed protein isolate were introduced. Functional characteristics, such as solubility, water retention capability, oil retention capabili-ty, emulsification and emulsion stability, foamability and foam stability of cottonseed protein products were introduced, and the applications of cottonseed protein products in the fields of food, feed and fermentation were discussed.

我国棉花产量丰富,棉籽仁提油后的棉籽饼粕中,蛋白质含量高达60%。棉籽蛋白是一种营养价值高、品质优良的植物蛋白,在食品行业有着广泛的应用。介绍了棉籽蛋白的提取和水解的方法,阐述了各种方法的优缺点,并综述了其最新研究进展。

Cottonseed protein was an enormous protein resources,and was widely used in food industry.The methods of extracting and hydrolyzing cottonseed protein were introduced.Advantage,disadvantage,and the latest progress of each method were discussed.