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双语推荐：概念隐喻翻译

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以Halliday提出的"语法隐喻"(Grammatical Metaphor)为理论依据,结合英语科技文的文本特点和语法隐喻在英汉翻译中的广泛应用,着重分析并对比了概念语法隐喻指导下的英语科技文的翻译与直接翻译的差别,探讨了隐喻结构的翻译思路和翻译方法,为英语科技文翻译带来新视角。
On the basis of the Grammatical Metaphor proposed by Halliday ,the differences between the literal trans-lation and the translation of Ideational Grammatical Metaphor are analyzed and compared in this essay .The thinking patterns and translation skills in terms of metaphorical structures are probed in the light of the characteristics of English science texts and the broad application of Grammatical Metaphor in English-Chinese translation with a new translation perspective provided as well .

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隐喻作为一种思维方式和认知手段频繁地出现在商务英语中。文章在探讨商务英语中隐喻结构特点、工作机制和认知功能的基础上,通过商务英语翻译中概念整合过程的三个主要模式,剖析商务英语中隐喻的认知过程及其翻译。从认知结构的角度将翻译纳入概念整合网络,使之具有动态操作性,以期能解释传统翻译观中难以解决的种种矛盾。
Metaphor which is taken as a thinking method and cognitive approach frequently appears in business English. Based on the structural features, working mechanism, cognitive function of metaphor in business English, this paper analyzes the cognitive process and translation of metaphor in business English by adopting the three main modes conceptual integration in the translation of business English. In order to make translation more dynamically practicable, it is proposed to put translation into the network of conceptual integration so that different kinds of problems which are hard to be solved in traditional translation theories can be explained.

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概念隐喻翻译是以体验为基础的翻译，译者通过衍推品特威胁喜剧中的隐喻表达方式，试图在基本层次范畴用最经济的方式寻找原文隐喻表达的对应表达式，找到两种语言中情感隐喻的寓意对应点，从而把目标语的疾病和颜色映射到情感系统，最大限度地实现“使读者感到恐惧、焦虑”的审美目标，以激发中文读者的阅读想象力和阅读期盼。译者在翻译时必须研究两种语言的隐喻的源域与目标域是否对应，才能更好地译出概念隐喻。
The translation of conceptual metaphors is formed on the basis of experience.By analyzing metaphors in Pinter’s plays,the translator tries to seek corresponding expressions and use the most economical means at the basic level.Thus,the translator can map diseases and colors into the emotion system and achieve the aesthetic goal of making readers feel anxious and terrified in order to incur readers’imagination and reading expectations. The translator also holds that a translator must investigate whether the source domain and target domain correspond to each other between the two languages before he can successfully translate conceptual metaphors.

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概念隐喻是语言和思维上都存在的一种潜在的系统性的联系，借助一种事物理解和体验另一种事物。小说《蝴蝶梦》中概念隐喻对于主人公形象的塑造有重要的作用。本文以石南花为例，研究概念隐喻的翻译方法及其在小说中的解释。
Conceptual metaphor is a potential systemic linkage in the language and thinking, with one thing to understand and experience another thing. Novel"Butterfly Dream", conceptual metaphor has an important role for the characteriza-tion of the hero. In this paper, Heather, for example, study the concept of metaphor translation methods and their interpre-tation in the novel.

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及物性隐喻是功能语法理论的核心内容之一。运用及物性隐喻理论,提出英语动词隐喻否定概念,探讨英语动词隐喻否定特征及其表达类型,并从英汉对比和深层语义结构分析角度提出英语动词隐喻否定的理解和翻译方法。
Transitivity metaphor is one of the core contents in functional grammar.By making use of the theories of transitivity metaphor,this paper puts forward the concept of negation of English verbal metaphors, probes into their features and expression types,and discusses the solutions to their understanding and translating from the perspective of contrast of both English and Chinese and the analysis of their semantic structures.

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高职英语教材当中，存在多种概念隐喻表达。文章旨在探讨如何在教学中引导学生通过共同的经验体验来体会共通的概念隐喻，以培养学生的隐喻意识，帮助学生更好地理解词汇意义之间的关系，提高他们的翻译能力以及外语交际能力。
In the textbooks of vocational college English,there are many conceptual metaphors. The purpose of this research is to discuss about how to guide students to realize common conceptual metaphors through a common expe-rience,to cultivate the students’metaphor awareness,help students better understand the relationships of the multi-meanings of the same word,and improve their translation ability and foreign language communicative compe-tence.

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从韩礼德语法隐喻理论中的“级转移”概念角度解释了名词化概念隐喻，从一般名词化结构和过渡名词化结构两个方面对学术论文英文中的名词化现象进行统计分析，以期更好地服务于学术论文的写作和翻译。
Nominalization is explained with the concept of “rank shift” from Halliday ’ s grammatical metaphor theory .Furthermore , nominalization in English abstracts of academic papers is statistically analyzed in terms of the common form and the intermediate form , which may in some way offer guidelines for the academic abstract writing and translating .

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隐喻不仅是一种修辞手段，更是人类思维方式的一种认知工具和看待、认识事物的一个视角，既然如此，隐喻就不可否认是一种认知现象。钱钟书先生的《围城》中含有丰富多样的隐喻，其英译本也广受关注。笔者试图利用概念隐喻的理论，分析文学名著《围城》，探究文学作品中隐喻的翻译策略。
Metaphor is not only a rhetorical device, but also a way of thinking as well as an important cognitive tool, which offers us a new perspective to approaching things. There is no doubt that metaphor is a cognitive phenomenon. The literary work Fortressbesieged is abundant in metaphors. Its translation version is also concerned by many scholars. The thesis, based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, intends to analyze the samples selected from Fortress besieged and explore the translation strategies of conceptual metaphors.

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中国著名小说中不乏描写性爱的场景,然而多囿于社会传统规约,诉诸于隐喻的表达方式,其中含蓄的隐喻凝聚了作者独特的想象力与洞察力,也为读者提供了一座颇为享受的美学天堂。隐喻是一种基本认知模式,是图式或概念的相互作用。本文在认知视域下将意象图式纳入Carrell三大图式中的内容图式,构建了隐喻翻译模式。这一模式主要体现在：译者翻译时的认知努力是为了实现译入语读者与原语读者所构建的形式图式、内容图式和语言图式的对等。本文将隐喻进行了分类,然后逐一从各隐喻出发,对英译读者与原语读者所构建的图式是否对等进行了认知阐释,并印证了隐喻翻译中实现图式对等的重要性。
Although some famous Chinese novels have depicted scenes of sexual love,they always resort to metaphorical expressions due to the social confinement.These implicit metaphors are the writer’s individual flash of imaginative insight,offering readers an aesthetic paradise.Additionally,metaphor is a basic cognitive mode,that is,an interaction of schema or concepts.In this paper,content schema,one of the three major schemata proposed by Carrell,is joined with image schema in a unified cognitive-based model to account for the translation of meta-phor.According to this model,the cognitive endeavor of translator is to realize the equivalence of formal,content and linguistic schemata in the mental representations of ST reader and TT readers.This article categorized metaphor and then accordingly gave a cognitive account for whether TT readers can construct the same effective schemata as ST readers.Also,the importance of achieving schema equivalents has been verified.

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认知语言学将隐喻提升为人类一种认知方式和推理机制，其概念隐喻认为隐喻是借助已知事物认识体验未知事物的普遍性思维和认知手段。隐喻翻译是一种跨文化认知活动，受到地域、历史、宗教及文化等的影响。它涉及到两种文化共性和差异的理解与把握。在翻译中应以认知的角度分析隐喻产生的心理基础及所含的文化信息，根据源语的隐喻化过程采取异化和归化策略，使译文既能完整准确地传达源语文本信息，又能为目的语读者所接受，从而促进文化交流。
Cognitive linguistics promoted metaphor to one of human’ s cognition methods and a reasoning mechanism. Its conceptual metaphor theory held that metaphor was a general thinking mode as well as a means of cognition by which people knew the unknown via the known. Metaphor translation was a cross-cultural cognitive activity, which was affected by the region, the history, the religion, the culture and etc. And it involved the understanding and grasping of the two cultures’ similarities and differences. The translation should be based on the cognitive analysis of metaphors of the psychological foundation and the culture of information. Foreignization and domestication should be adopted as the translation strategies according to the metaphorical process of the source metaphor, so the version could accurately convey the source text information, but also be accepted by the target language readers, so that the version could promote the cultural communication.

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