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双语推荐：氡

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标准氡室是为测氡仪量值溯源提供参考氡气的装置,氡室氡体积活度值可以由氡源活度、氡产生率和氡室容积等参数进行计算获得,但因吸附、泄漏等因素而存在误差,因而必须用标准仪器准确测量。影响标准氡室内氡体积活度值测量结果的主要因素有氡与子体的平衡、测量仪器的校准因子、测量重复性与氡体积活度的均匀性、稳定性等;氡室氡体积活度的测量应在氡与子体平衡达到后进行,测量时应扣除本底,选用较长的测量时间和适当的测量次数,取测量平均值。
Standard radon chamber is the radon system which gives the reference to the radon measurement .The radon concentration can be calculated by the factors such as the activity of the radon source , the rate of the ra-don production and the volume of the radon chamber .However , because of some reasons such as radon absorp-tion, leaking which lead to the error of the measurement , so the measurement shall be done by the standard in-strument .The main reasons which influence the radon concentration in the standard radon chamber are the bal -ance between the radon and its daughters , the calibration factor of the measurement instrument , repetitiveness of the measurement and the uniformity and stability of the radon concentration .Once measuring the radon con-centration , the measurement should be done after reaching the balance between the radon and its daughters , the results should deduct the background , and taking longer measuring time and more measuring times to get the av-erage result

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压抽混合式通风是长距离独头掘进巷道内控制氡及氡子体浓度重要的通风方式,研究该种通风方式下巷道风流中氡及氡子体浓度分布规律对指导其通风和辐射防护设计具有重要的意义。为此,根据氡与氡子体之间的衰变关系,建立了风流中氡子体α潜能浓度与氡活度浓度之间的简化数学计算模型;接着,分析了独头巷道受限空间内氡及氡子体的来源,并基于巷道风流的紊流传质理论,建立了压抽混合式通风方式下风流中氡活度浓度与氡子体α潜能浓度分布的数学计算模型;最后,针对一个具体的独头巷道,探讨了通风量和岩壁氡析出率对整个巷道内氡浓度和氡子体α潜能浓度分布的影响,同时提出了独头巷道内降低氡及氡子体致工作人员剂量的防护措施。
The forced-exhaust ventilation is an important way to control the concentration of radon and its progenies in long-distance blind driving roadway.It is of great significance for guiding the design of ventilation and radiation protection to study distribution characteristics of theconcentration of radon and its progenies in the wind of roadway adopting the forced-exhaust ventilation.Therefore,according to the decay relationship of radon and its progenies,a simplified mathematical calculation model was built,which relates to the radon activity concentration and the potential alpha concentration of radon progenies.The paper also analyzed the sources of radon and its progenies in the limited space of the blind roadway.Then,based on the turbulence mass transfer theory of ventilation air flow,the paper established mathematical calculation models of distribution characteristics of the radon activity concentration and the potential alpha concentration of radon progenies in blind roadway with f

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为了查清某铀矿区氡在地下水环境中的迁移行为,分别开展示踪实验和氡迁移实验,室内模拟孔隙含水介质中氡的迁移过程,深入探讨地下水、土环境中氡迁移的内在规律性,揭示氡的环境行为特征。实验结果表明,氡在孔隙含水介质中运移以地下水对流作用为主,氡在横向上的运移不仅仅是扩散作用,还有地下水的载运作用、介质的吸附作用以及自身的衰变与挥发作用。氡的运移以水平迁移为主,已有研究成果中的"微气泡"理论并非氡在地下水中运移的主要机制。氡随时间变化规律进一步表明氡的迁移是氡的释放、累积与挥发、衰变、吸附作用及地下水对流作用等综合作用的结果。以上研究成果为定量化研究地下环境中氡的迁移归宿提供科学依据,为氡在铀矿勘查中的应用提供理论支持。
In order to find out the migration behaviour of radon transport in groundwater environment at uranium mine ,transport process of radon in porous aquifer medium was simulated by laboratory experiment of radon transport and tracer experiment .This paper made in-depth discussions on the migration rules of radon in groundwater and soil and revealed the behaviours of radon in the environment .The experimental results indicated that convection dominated on the movement of radon in porous aquifer medium .The lateral migration of radon was due to not only diffusion but also carrying of groundwater , adsorption of porous medium ,decay and volatilization .The lateral migration played an important part in the movement of radon .The cluster theory and microbubble theory in the existing research results were not the principal migration mechanism of radon transport in porous aquifer medium .Release and accumulation , volatilization ,decay ,adsorption and convection should be the result of radon move

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采用积累法，通过测氡仪RDA7测定出花岗石氡浓度。结合核行业标准中对氡析出率的理论，计算得到所选取的北京市某石材市场的19种花岗石的氡析出率，探究影响氡析出率的因素，为今后在选择花岗石装修或制定防氡降氡措施方面提供指导性建议。研究发现不同地区、不同颜色的花岗石氡析出率有差别。因此，尽量选用氡析出率水平较低的石材用于居室内装饰，降低所接受的辐射伤害。
In this paper,we adopted the accumulation method,with the RDA7 to determine radon concentration on granite,combing with the theoretical calculations of the radon exhalation rate,which is from nuclear industry standard,we obtained the results of radon exhalation rate on 19 kinds of granite,which are selected from a stone market in Beijing. We explored the factors of radon exhalation rate,to provide guidance and advice on the choice of granite decoration and the measures of radon prevention and reduction. The study found that different regions and different colors lead to the differences on radon exhalation rate. Therefore,it was suggested to use the stone with lower level of radon exhalation rate in order to reduce the radiation damage.

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回顾了近年来氡的非致癌损伤效应、以及氡致肺癌和白血病危险的研究进展,简要介绍了我国环境氡水平控制的国家标准。强调了氡危害的防控在于控制环境氡水平,对高氡区域生活和工作人群的健康进行重点监护。
This paper reviews the study advancement for non cancer biologic effects and lung cancer ,leukemia induced by radon in recent years .The Chinese standards were briefly introduced for environment radon level control .It is underlined that protection of radon harm depends on environment radon level control and intensive health monitor of population living or working in high radon exposed area .

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地表壤氡可以反映地下深部的水文、地质、矿产、热源等信息,但土壤氡浓度有年变和日变的特点。为了研究土壤氡浓度日变化规律及其影响因素,采用α能谱测氡仪对土壤氡进行连续测量。结果表明:土壤氡浓度呈单峰型日变化特征,最大值出现在19:00~22:00,最小值出现在11:00~14:00,土壤温度是影响土壤氡浓度的关键因子,土壤氡浓度与土壤温度呈正相关。降雨对土壤氡浓度有显著的影响,降雨后土壤氡浓度出现双峰型日变化特征,其变化与土壤湿度和空气温度等气象因素有关。
Surface soil radon could reflect deep underground hydrology, geology, mineral resources, heat source and other information, but the soil radon concentration has diurnal and annual variation characteristics. In order to study this problem, the authors used αspectroscopic cumulative radon instrument for continuous measurement. The results show that the law of soil radon concentration diurnal variation is of the single-peak type, the maximum value appears at the time interval of 19:00-22:00, with the minimum value at 11:00-14:00. Soil temperature is the key factor affecting the soil radon concentration, which is positively correlated with soil temperature. Rainfall has significant effects on soil radon concentration, which assumes double peak type after rain. The changes are related to mete-orological factors such as soil humidity and air temperature.

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深圳是我国土壤高氡背景区,为评价该地区公共场所内氡所致人体辐射照射水平,本文随机抽取的44个不同公共场所,使用RAD-7对所选场所室内氡浓度水平进行调查.调查结果表明深圳福田区公共场所室内氡浓度算术平均值:26.7±17.3 Bq/m3,几何平均值:22.3±1.9 Bq/m3;不同建材场所室内氡浓度差异较大,以高层建筑室内氡浓度最高;和深圳氡调查历史数据相比,只有高层建筑室内氡浓度呈上升趋势.本次调查数据对深圳市公共场所室内氡浓度的评价和防护具有一定参考意义.
Shenzhen city is a high soil radon background district in our country. To evaluate the region public radon radiation exposure levels to the human,RAD-7 was used to super-vise indoor radon concentration levels at the selected 44 different public sites. The results of survey show that places the arithmetic mean is 26. 7±17. 3 Bq/m3 ,and the geometric average is 22. 3 ±1. 9 Bq/m3 for the indoor radon concentration in the district of Futian public;indoor radon concentrations are varied with different building materials, with the highest in high-rise building;compared to historical data,only high-rise building indoor ra-don concentration is on the rise. The survey data of public indoor radon concentration could have certain reference significance for the evaluation and protection in the city of Shenzhen.

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氡室是刻度测氡仪的一种标准装置，还可以用于相关科学实验。氡源的有效源强和氡室的泄漏率是2个非常重要的参数。在分析传统测量方法的基础上，提出了利用静电收集法连续测氡仪快速同步测量氡源的有效源强及氡室泄漏率的新方法。仅仅利用2个较长周期的测量数据就得到了这两个参数，实验证明该方法准确可靠。
Radon chamber is a standard equipment to calibrate radon monitor, and can also be used in the rele-vant scientific experiments.There are two important parameters: effective activity of radon source and radon chamber leak rate.Analysis of the traditional measurement method, we propose a novel method for quickly and simultaneously measuring the effective activity of radon source and radon chamber leak rate by the radon monitor based on electrostatic collection method.The two parameters can be obtained by only two measurement values in two long cycles, and the experiment results show that the method is accurate and reliable.

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探测效率是气球法测氡装置的重要技术指标之一，它的大小直接影响着测氡装置的测量结果的准确性；论文探究出新型气球测氡装置的探测效率的方法；基于成都理工大学研制的一款新型气球法测氡仪-马尔科夫法气球测氡仪，结合其测氡的原理，推导了气球法测氡装置探测效率饥表达式；通过南华大学氡实验室刻度常数的实验结果，计算出了该装置探测效率η理论值，并与η实测值进行了对比，结果表明，在误差范围内，由这种方法计算气球法测氡装置的探测效率是有可行性的。
Detection efficiency is one of the most important qualifications in the device of measuring radon in balloon method;Its value would influence the veracity of the results .This paper had explored a new method a-bout calculating detection efficiency of the device measuring radon in balloon method .Based on the new device of measuring radon in balloon method -that was developed by CDUT , and combined the principle of radon measurement, has deduced the expression of detection efficient η.And experimentally the value of the detection efficiency has been measured .The result show that the theory used in calculating detection of balloon method for measurement of radon is quite feasible in the range of error .

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双源法测量土壤潜势氡浓度是利用土壤表面氡析出率和浅层土壤氡浓度,确定土壤潜势氡浓度的方法。为了实现双源法快速测量土壤潜势氡浓度,项目对Mathematica、Excel及C语言程序3种计算土壤潜势氡浓度的方法进行研究。通过计算,验证了3种方法计算结果一致,其中Mathematica和Excel需依靠PC机进行,不便实时给出测量结果;而C语言程序易于移植,便于土壤潜势氡浓度测量仪的开发,为土壤潜势氡浓度的测量提供了技术支持。
Dual-source method uses the way which takes advantage of soil surface radon exhilaration rate and shallow soil radon concentration to determine the potential soil radon concentration .In order to achieve the rap-id measurement by using the dual -source method to measure the soil radon concentration ,we made some re-search on three ways that are Mathematic ,Exce and C language program to calculate the potential radon concen -tration.These comparative experiments show that three methods can have the same result .Because Mathemtica and Excellrelied on the PC ,there is inconvenience on achieving the real -time measurement results;The C lan-guage program is easy to transplant ,easy to develop the measurement instrument of potential soil radon concen -tration which can provide technical support for the potential soil radon concentration measurement .

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