稠油相对渗透率曲线是稠油油藏开发动态预测过程的重要基础数据,稠油相对渗透率实验测量过程中的误差将会给油田开发分析传递错误信息。在稠油油藏相渗实验过程中,由于实验温度高,出口端计量管线长,系统死体积较大,死体积孔隙中水驱油规律和死体积校正方法会对实验结果产生重要影响。在常规实验管线中进行的水驱油实验发现,死体积管线中的原油不能全部被驱替出来,且管线中存在油水两相流动过程。油水黏度越高、驱替速度越快,则管线中的原油采出程度越低;实验过程还存在压力测量和体积计量不同步现象,产出流体体积计量滞后于压力测量。采用简单扣除管线孔隙体积来处理死体积的常规方法会使产油量计量产生较大误差,导致实验结果偏离真实流动情况,对此给出了相应的校正方法。

The heavy oil relative permeability curve is an important parameter in heavy oil reservoir performance prediction. The error in the relative permeability test caused by experimental factors will result in wrong information for reservoir devel-opment analysis. Due to the long exit end pipeline and more dead volume in the high temperature relative permeability test,the oil-water phases flowing law in the exit end pipeline of core holder and method of dead volume calibration will have important effect on relative permeability experimental results. The phenomenon of non-piston like displacement and pressure hysteresis effect have been discovered based on the water flooding experiment of heavy oil in the exit end pipeline. The breakthrough recovery and ultimate recovery factor decrease with increasing oil viscosity and water drive velocity,and the metering oil vol-ume is behind the data corresponding to the pressure. The conventional data correction by oil volume deducting space volume of p

以死漆为原料,在室温无溶剂条件下与钛化合物混合后通过研磨法制备一种快干漆(QDL)。采用红外光谱、扫描电镜和热失重等表征手段对试样进行结构和性能表征,并探讨了生漆中不同成分对试样固化成膜的影响。结果表明:死漆与钛化合物混合研磨能够固化成膜的主要物质是漆酚,研磨过程中死漆油包水型乳液结构被破坏;当n(钛化合物)∶n(死漆)为1∶2时,研磨得到的涂膜表干和实干时间最短分别为1.5和6 h,远快于天然生漆的干燥速度;n(钛化合物)∶n(死漆)为1∶2、1∶3、1∶4研磨制得的QDL1、QDL2、QDL3都具有较高的光泽度,比天然生漆膜高出50之多。其中,快干漆QDL1的质量损失5%、10%和最大热失重温度分别为289、346和475℃,比天然生漆相应质量损失温度高,具有比自然干燥天然生漆膜更好的耐热性能。

A quick-drying lacquer ( QDL) was prepared from the dead lacquer and titanium compound grinded at ambient and solvent-free condition. The structure and properties of the products were studied by IR, SEM and TG. The influence of main specific components of raw lacquer on the curing was discussed. The results showed that urushiol was the main component for film formation in the grinding process. The water-in-oil emulsion of dead lacquer was damaged in grinding process. When the mole ratio of titanium compound to urushiol was 1:2, the drying time was shortest. The surface drying time and hard drying time of the obtained film were 1. 5 and 6 h, respectively, which were far more quickly than natural lacquer . QDL1, QDL2 and QDL3 were obtained through grinding process when the mole ratio of titanium compound to urushiol were 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4. All the obtained films had high gloss, the gloss values were 50 higher than that of natural lacquer films. The temperatures at 5 % weight loss, 10 % we

通过六流矩形坯连铸中间包的水模试验,研究了不同控流装置对其流动特性的影响。研究结果表明,稳流器和多孔挡墙能明显改善各流流动特性的一致性,在此基础上加设方形孔挡墙能有效减小死区体积。合理的中间包组合控流装置为稳流器+多孔挡墙+方形孔挡墙。

The water model of a six-strand continuous casting tundish for rectangular bloom was built to study the effects of various flow control devices on melt flow. The results showed that the current regulator as well as multi-hole dam can improve the similarity among the six strands distinctly, and the addition of rectangular-hole dam based on the current regulator with multi-hole dam can decrease the volume of dead zone. The rational flow control device in the tundish is a current regulator with two multi-hole dams and a rectangular-hole dam.

目的探讨乙状结肠扭转的治疗方法。方法对40例乙状结肠扭转患者临床治疗方法资料进行分析。结果 40例患者经治疗,37例痊愈,死亡均为肠环死3例。住院时间12~20 d,并发切口感染3例经治疗缓解立命。结论对乙状结肠扭转的治疗应采取胃肠减压、补液,纠正水、电解质、酸碱平衡失调及应用抗生素,无效后采取手术治疗。

Objective The treatment of sigmoid colon torsion is to be investigated.Methods The clinical treatment data of 40 cases of patients with sigmoid colon torsion is to be analyzed.Results After treatment,among 40 patients,there are 37 cured cases with 3 dead cases of intestinal necrosis.With the hospital stay of 12 to 20 days,there are 3 cases of patients with incision infection who are relieved and alive.Conclusion The treatment of patients with sigmoid colon torsion should adopt gastrointestinal decompression and rehydration,correction of the balance of fluid,electrolytes and acid-base and application of antibiotics,If invalid,the surgical treatment should be adopted.

为了明确滴灌苜蓿土壤水、盐运移,细根分布及细根生物量动态,该文对苜蓿进行滴灌和漫灌试验,结果表明,漫灌水分集中在15 cm浅层土壤内且分布均匀,含水率在19.5%~20.5%之间。滴灌水分高值区集中在水平方向距滴头15 cm,深度为40 cm的土层中,含水率达到18.0%~20.0%。漫灌对0~25 cm深度土层盐分淋洗作用明显,土水比1:5土壤水提液的电导率由灌前的0.4~0.5 m S/cm下降到0.3 m S/cm以下;滴灌可使根区盐分下降至0.2 m S/cm,显著低于灌溉初始的盐分含量(P0.05)。与漫灌比较,滴灌苜蓿细根集中分布在水平方向距滴头0~30 cm,垂直深度0~50 cm范围内。生长季各时间节点滴灌细根总量高于漫灌,其平均值分别为211.6和198.3 g/m2。滴灌和漫灌各时间节点细根量表现出明显的波动,其范围分别在193.2~243.6和182.7~219.1 g/m2之间。在整个生长期内,滴灌活根量高于漫灌,且生长前期滴灌死根量变化较漫灌平稳。活细根和死细根之间的周转使得两者呈现出此消彼涨的状态,表明细根具有生长-凋亡-再生长的周期性。该研究可为滴灌技术在苜蓿栽培上的应用提供参考。

Drip irrigation is being effectively used for alfalfa production in arid northwest China. The objectives of this paper were:i) to compare the effects of flood and drip irrigation on the spatial distribution of water and salt;ii) to compare effects of biomass, spatial distribution and dynamics of fine roots of alfalfa on the movement of water and salt in the soil profile under flood and drip irrigation. From May to October 2012, the plot experiments were carried out in Xinjiang Province. Flood irrigation (irrigation quantity is 4 600 m3/hm2) and drip irrigation treatments were set up (irrigation quantity is 4 200 m3/hm2), alfalfa planted in wide-narrow row plantation with a distance of 15 cm + 30 cm + 15 cm between rows. The results showed that soil water in the flood irrigation treatment was concentrated in the upper 15 cm of the soil profile. Furthermore, the soil water content was uniformly distributed across the plots, ranging between 19.5% and 20.5%. In the drip irrigatio