“情态”在立法语篇中占据重要地位。本文从法律语言学的角度分析立法语篇中的情态系统，揭示“情态”规定义务赋予权力和权利时的运用。

this paper analyzes the system of modality in Constitution of People’s Republic of China and the United States. We found that the expression of modality is essential in law to clarify rights and duties.

法律修辞方法是指综合运用各种法律方法，在谋篇布局的基础上，以寻找言说关键词进行说服的思维活动。由于法律修辞方法主要是“把法律作为修辞”以此进行说服，因而法治意识形态的属性比较明显。只要人们在思维过程中“把法律作为修辞”，那么在政治、经济、文化、社会生活中，法律就有了话语权。然而，由于法律修辞方法以说服、信服为目标，因而不能刚性地依据逻辑的推论，或片面地以权力进行压服。法律修辞方法所寻求的，是以形式法治为主，并附之以实质法治的方法；旨在思维的形式和实质两个层面推进法治中国建设。与传统的政治意识形态比较，目前进行的法治意识形态建构，主要是矫正片面的权力思维或实质主义思维的弊端，理顺实质法治与形式法治的关系。在权力政治言辞过剩的情况下，倡导“把法律作为修辞”的说服方法。这对法治意识形态构建具有十分重要的意义。

The legal rhetoric method is a thinking activity in which all kinds of legal methods are adopted.It aims to find key words to make persuasion on the basis of the overall planning, thus turns out to be an expression of the rule of law ideology.As long as people“use the law as a rhetoric” in the process of thinking, the law is to be heard in the political, economic, cultural and social life fields.However, as the goal of legal rhetoric method is to persuade and convince, it is not likely to depend on logical reason rigidly, or exercise dominance through power in a one-sided way.What legal rhetoric seeks is the method which focuses on the form of the rule of law, together with the essence of the rule of law.Moreover, it promotes the construction of the rule of law in China in two aspects of form and essence.Compared with the traditional political ideology, the construction of the rule of law ideology mainly deals with the correction on the disadvantages of one-sided power thin

福州怀安古县历史文化悠久,古为望县,历尽沧桑而渐不为人所知,尚未彰显其人文魅力。可结合自身优势,以法律为导向,建设淮安历史文化名镇。续写新篇,重现辉煌。

Huaian ancient county in Fuzhou has a long history and culture, which used to be a Wang county. It experienced the vicissitudes of life and had not known to us gradual y, besides, not to reveal its charm. It had bet er build a Famous Towns of Historical Culture of Huaian, combined with its own advantages, with taking the law as the guidance. Writing a new chapter, Huaian is reproducing its glory.

立法语言是准确表达立法意图、立法目的和体现立法政策的一种专门载体,比一般的语言文字严谨、规范、简洁、通俗、明确。法律文本大到行文成篇,小至遣词用字,都应当予以足够的重视,要求既符合作为法律行业特殊语体的习惯和规则,也要符合国家通用语言文字(普通话)的语法、语义要求。根据我国立法文本的用字和用词、立法语言的口语以及立法语言的外来词等方面的统计、分析和研究,我们发现立法语言具有通用语言文字和特殊行业语言的双重特点,自然也要接受、符合通用语言文字和法律行业语言的双重规范。

As the specialized carrier to exactly express legislative intension , purpose and policy , legislative language is more strict , standard , concise , popular and explicit than general language .Legislative writings and words must be used according with both the practice and rule of legal profession and the grammatical and semantic requirements of the national general language and words .Based on the statistics and analysis of the words , spoken language and loanwords of legislative texts in China , we find that legislative language is characterized by general language and special profession language , thereby it should be used according with standards of general language and legislative profession language .

情态多层次性主要指多个情态手段共用的现象。文章以英语为语料，通过分析公共演讲、新闻采访、学术写作和法律文献四种语类，说明情态多层次模式有利于语篇构建意识形态，如亲和、权势、等级、敬重或亲和与权势的平衡。教学实验说明，在中国大学生的英语议论文写作中存在情态多层次使用情况，可体现学术写作的语篇意识形态。情态多层次与语篇意识形态构建的关系对于外语学习与研究具有启迪作用。

Multilayered modality refers to the combined use of modal devices. This paper studies the multilayered modality of “modal adverb + modal verb”. Based on an analysis of English corpora in four genres, i.e. public speeches, journalistic interviews, academic writings, and laws and regulations, it is assumed that multilayered modality contributes to the construction of such discourse ideologies as solidarity, power, hierarchy, deference and a balance between solidarity and power. Our teaching experiment indicates that in Chinese undergraduates’ English writing of argumentation there exist the usages of multilayered modality, which in turn convey the discourse ideology of academic writing. It is argued that the relationship between multilayered modality and the construction of discourse ideology has implications for foreign language learning and research.