岩石质量指标(RQD)是评价岩体破碎程度的一个重要参数,但在RQD的应用过程中往往忽略测线长度和测线方向的影响,给岩体质量的评价造成一定的误差。笔者通过从野外岩石露头这个二维平面上得到的RQD或节理参数,推导得到在三维空间中任意方向测线的RQD,进而研究RQD随测线方向的变化规律。结果表明,RQD不但在平面上具有各向异性,在空间也具有各向异性。笔者提出了假定测线起于节理的N-ARQD计算模型,使理论论证更加严密。此外,利用蒙特卡罗模拟产生随机值代表节理间距,随机值服从负指数分布的参数不同代表节理发育的密集程度不同,通过T-T、N-A、A-A和A-A-S 4种RQD计算模型来研究RQD均值及标准差随测线长度的变化规律,可以得出:测线越长,所得RQD值越精确;测线较短时,A-A-S模型所得的RQD值与其他3种模型相比更精确;布置较长的测线在节理较发育的地方可获得更可信的RQD值。

Rock quality designation (RQD)is the key parameter to evaluate the degree of fracturing of rock masses.There is error in rock mass evaluation when such factors as the scanline length and the scanline orientation are ignored.RQD or joint parameters is obtained on the field two-dimensional rock outcrop,RQD of any scanline orientation in three-dimensional space is derived,and the variation of RQD with the scanline orientation is studied.It shows that the RQD is anisotropy both in the space or and plane.The authors put forward the NA RQD calculate model that makes theoretical arguments more closely and the model assumed that the scanline from joints.Moreover,the Monte-carlo simulation is used to generate random values. Random values obeyed the negative exponential distribution with different parameters and were taken as the fracture spacings under varies of fractures development intensive degree.Then,the variation of mean and standard deviation of RQD values with the scanline length was st

作为评价岩体质量好坏的重要指标,RQD 的应用已十分广泛,其在工程地质与岩土工程的分析中发挥着重要的作用.而通过钻孔的方法进行RQD的获取具有明显缺点.真实岩体不同方向的RQD并不一致,而以垂直于地表的钻孔获取的RQD并不能完全代表整体岩体的好坏程度.引入三维裂隙网络的方法进行RQD的计算,在三维裂隙网络内设立测线,以测线的形式来模拟钻孔,获取指定方向的RQD值.岩体不同于其他人工材料,其具有明显的非均质性,即在不同位置获取的RQD值并不一致,现今RQD的研究则鲜有考虑.对岩体内的最佳测线数量进行了研究.结果表明:当沿x,y与z轴分别存在25,80与55条测线时,可获取岩体各方向的真实RQD值,且最大限度的节省计算时间以实施进一步的研究.

@@@@RQD, as an important parameter to reflect the rock mass quality, has been applied universally and played an important role in geological engineering and geotechnical engineering. There is an apparent defect for obtaining RQD values through drills. The RQD values vary in different directions. RQD through drills whose direction is perpendicular to the ground can not represent that in the rock mass. In this paper, the three-dimensional fracture network simulation is employed to calculate RQD. Scanlines, represented by the actual drill, are set in the rock mass, and RQD in different directions can be obtained. The rock masses are different from other materials, and the RQD values are different considering different points in the study rock mass. It is not considered in the former studies. The number of the optimum scanlines is studied. The results show that when the scanlines in x, y and z directions are 25, 80 and 55, the RQD values are real and the computing time is the minimum.

利用多个加速度计组成的传感器阵列进行复杂振动测试,多组加速度计测试值可求解被测物质心线加速度及相对载体坐标系三轴方向转动角速度。对角速度、线加速度积分可求解被测物任意时刻相对于固定坐标系位置及姿态,达到六自由度复杂振动测试目的。针对积分过程中存在积分误差及随测试时间增加积分误差迅速增大导致速度、位移信号严重偏离实际问题,利用EMD分解获得多组经验模态分量（IMF）,据IMF分量频率不同判断出积分误差成分并分离,获得实际积分结果。

Using sensor array can carry out multi-dimensional measurements.Through the integral of line acceleration and angular velocity,the position and carriage of a moving coordinate system relation to the fixed coordinate system were obtained.But in the method an accumulation of errors is produced with time growth,and the time of sensor array test will be limited.The method of EMD was used to get a series of IMFs and separating the error IMFs from the right IMFs can lead to the correct integral data.The method was proved by simulations and experiments to show its effectiveness.

为了准确、全面和连续地测量板形,北京金自天正智能控制股份有限公司开发了一种高精度板带材板形在线测量仪。采用3束线激光沿被测板带材运动方向分布,在板带材表面形成3条激光照射线,安装在板带材激光照射区域上方的3台全高清面扫描摄像机高速拍摄正在运动的板带材表面激光照射线的位置变化,并送到数据处理单元,得到每条测量带上激光光斑位置,经过计算得到板带材的板形数据。该板形仪可广泛应用于各种金属板带材的板形测量,特别适合于环境恶劣的热轧生产线。

In order to improve the accuracy,integrity and continuity of measurement,a high-precision instrument for measuring shape online has been developed by the Aritime company. In this paper, through three beam lasers along the measured strip moving direction distribution,three laser radiation lines are formed on the measured strip surface. Three full HD planar array scanning cameras that are installed above the laser irradiated region of the measured strip surface shoot the relative position of the laser radiation lines to moving strip surface,and the data of the position are sent to the data pro-cessing unit to get the position of laser spots in each zonary measuring area. Through the computer calculation,the data of shape have been got with the position of laser spots. The apparatus is widely applied to shape measuring of various metal strips, especially suitable for working in the harsh hot rolling mill environment.

根据海水中浮游微生物结构特征及尺寸大小,建立含有同心球核的椭球体模型,使用离散偶极子近似(DDA)方法,对不同形状、大小细胞的光散射Muller矩阵进行计算,分析了线偏振光入射下散射光强空间分布的变化。结果表明,偏振光散射特征对有核细胞的方向、形状、大小、细胞核大小具有灵敏性。研究颗粒对偏振光的散射特征,可以对被测细胞做更细致的分类,对海水中浮游微生物和其他生物细胞的鉴定、研究具有实际应用价值。

A model is established as a spheroid with a concentric spherical core according to the morphology and size of marine microbes. The calculation of cells with different size and morphologies are implemented using the Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) method. With the resulting Muller matrices, the distributions of polarized light scattering intensity are analyzed. The results show that the polarized light scattering characteristics are sensitive to the orientation, shape, size and nuclei size of the nucleated cell. The study on polarized light scattering can be used in classification and research of marine microbes and other cells.