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双语推荐：深层

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深层油气勘探对老油气区(田)扩大储量、稳定产量具有重要意义。以全球深层油气藏的最新资料为基础,系统统计分析了全球深层油气分布特征。在全球(不包括美国本土48州)349个含油气盆地中,87个盆地内发现了深层油气藏。全球深层油气储量的63.3%分布于碎屑岩储集层,35.0%储于碳酸盐岩,其余的1.7%储于岩浆岩和变质岩。构造圈闭富集了全球深层油气储量的73.7%,是深层油气最重要的圈闭类型。被动陆缘盆地和前陆盆地是深层油气最富集的盆地类型,其深层油气储量分别占全球总量的47.7%和46.4%。层系上,深层油气主要富集于5套储集层系:古近系(占全球总量的22.3%)、上古生界(22.2%)、白垩系(18.3%)、新近系(12.8%)和侏罗系(12.8%),深层油气的层系分布特征与中、浅层油气类似。岩盐导致的盐下沉积物的负热异常效应抑制了盆地深层烃源岩的热演化或液态烃向气态烃转化,因此含盐盆地深层油气勘探特别值得关注。建议深层油气勘探应立足于中、浅层已有重大油气发现的地区,特别是发育有一定规模盐岩的地区。
Exploration for deep petroleum accumulations ( DPAs) is of great significance to reserve growth and production stabilization of established petroleum provinces (fields).With an update database for the worldwide DPAs ,this study at-tempts to document their distribution characteristics .Among the 349 petroliferous basins in the world ( excluding US Lower 48 States) ,87 basins have discovered DPAs .Clastic rocks and carbonates host 63.3% and 35.0% of the total proved plus probable(2P)deep petroleum reserves in the world ,respectively.The remaining 1.7%are in igneous and metamor-phic rocks .In terms of trap type ,73.7%of the total are entrapped in structural traps .Passive margin and foreland basins contain the bulk of the total 2 P deep petroleum reserves ,with the former accounting for 47.7%of the total and the latter 46.4%.Stratigraphically,the 2P deep petroleum reserves are largely stored in five reservoir intervals:the Paleogene(hos-ting 22.3%of the total),Upper Paleozoic(22.2%),Creta

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在资源型缺水地区经济社会发展过程中，深层地下水所起的支撑作用明显且存在差异，需要对深层地下水的支撑作用进行定量评价。通过构建深层地下水资源支撑度指标评价体系及其数学模型，对河北省沧州市典型县（市）深层地下水在经济社会发展过程中所起的支撑作用进行了定量评价。
In the economic and social development of the resource shortage area, there is obvious difference in supporting roles of the deep groundwater so that quantitative evaluation of its support is required. In this paper, evaluation index system and its mathematical model of supporting degree are built for deep groundwater resource, and supporting role is quantitatively evaluated for economic and social development of deep groundwater in typical counties of Cangzhou in Hebei Province.

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大学生的学习可以分为深层学习和表层学习,深层学习是培养学生创新意识、探究能力的学习.本文概括介绍了深层学习及其对学生成长的意义,并根据上海中医药大学对2011级新生的学习观和学习方式的调研结果,分析了中医院校本科生导师引导新生深层学习的必要性,并提出中医院校本科生导师引导新生形成深层学习的学习观和学习方式的6个方面的策略.
It can be divided into deep learning and surface learning for students' learning.The deep learning emphasizes the cultivation of innovative consciousness and inquiry ability.In this article,the author introduced the meaning of deep learning and the significance of it on students' growth,and then the results had been analyzed on freshmen' s leaning attitudes and methods in Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) The results indicated that it is necessary for undergraduate tutors of TCM University to guide the freshmen to deep learning.Six guide strategies for tutors are introduced later based the author' s experience on forming student' s deep learning attitudes/perspectives and habits.

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通过对河北平原深层地下水开采历史的分析，阐述了不合理开采诱发的主要地质环境问题发展变化特征。对深层地下水可开采量进行了比较分析，认为河北平原深层地下水可开采模数在2.12万m3/a·km2左右较合适。提出了深层地下水合理利用、防治地质环境恶化的对策措施。
Through the analysis of the history of deep groundwater exploitation in Hebei plain, expounds the developing and changing characteristics of the main environmental geological problems caused by unreasonable exploitation. Conducted a comparative analysis of allowable withdrawal of deep groundwater, think the deep groundwater extraction modulus about 21.2x103m3/a·km2 in the Hebei plain is more suitable. Put forward the countermeasures for the prevention and control of geological environment, reasonable utilization of deep groundwater.

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以纳豆粉和茶树菇深层发酵液为主要原料，研究纳豆-茶树菇深层发酵液果冻的制作工艺。通过单因素试验和正交试验确定出纳豆-茶树菇深层发酵液果冻的最佳配比为：纳豆粉（g）与茶树菇深层发酵液（mL）比例1：8、魔芋精粉0.4％、琼脂0.2％、白砂糖15％。在此条件下制作的纳豆-茶树菇深层发酵液果冻质地均匀、光滑、有弹性，并呈金黄色半透明状，具有独特香气、香甜适口。
Natto-Submerged fermentation liquid of Agrocybe aegirit Jelly was produced by using natto and Submerged fermentation liquid of Agrocybe aegirit as main material. The optimal production conditions of Natto-Submerged fermentation liquid of Agrocybe aegirit Jelly were obtained by single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments as followed:the ratio of natto to Submerged fermentation liquid of Agrocybe aegirit 1∶8, konjaku flour 0.4%,agaragar 0.2%,and sugar 15%. Under these conditions, Natto-Submerged fermentation liquid of Agrocybe aegirit Jelly has the characteristics of homogeneous structure, smooth, flexible and yellowish translucency, as well as unique fragrance and sweet taste.

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针对平原区灌溉方式以浅层和深层地下水为主，以华北平原河北省献县为例，利用灰色关联度分析，得到年降雨量和浅层、深层地下水埋深的关联系数，最终确定献县区域开采地下水以深层地下水为主。
Irrigation methods in plain areas are mainly with shallow water and deep groundwater in North China Plain. Taking Xian County of Hebei Province as an example, based on the gray relational analysis, correlation coefficient is gained between annual rainfall and shallow and deep buried depth of groundwater, which determines that groundwater exploitation of Xian County regional is mainly in deep aquifers.

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阐述咸宁深层地热形成条件、资源类型、可能存在的热储和载体特征、开发利用条件等，提出开发咸宁深层地热的思路，积极引进吸收国内外先进技术和设备，早日实现咸宁深层地热开发利用方面的突破。
Formation of deep geothermal conditions,resource type,potential geothermal reservoir and vector characteris-tics,conditions of exploitation are expounded ,idea of deep geothermal development in Xianning is proposed .The paper needs to introduce foreign advanced technology and equipment , early breakthrough towards the deep geothermal energy exploitation and utilization in Xianning .

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普通真空预压法在处理软土地基时,由于真空度向下传递的过程中受涂抹、井阻等作用,使深层土体获得的真空荷载较小,往往导致深层土体得不到有效的加固。针对这种缺陷提出一种深层增压式真空预压处理软土地基的方法,此方法主要是通过向深层土体增压以扩大深层土体与竖向排水板及其上层土体的压力差,从而加快土体中的孔隙水的渗流速度。另外,由于深层土体因得到增压而其气压高于上层土体及排水板处的气压,这样就会在深层土体和竖向排水板及上层土体之间形成对流,从而带动土体中的孔隙水向上层土体和排水板处流动而提高排水速率。试验表明:经深层增压式真空预压法处理后土体的含水率、累计沉降量、十字板抗剪强度等指标均优于普通真空预压处理的土体,说明深层增压式真空预压能够有效地提高软土地基的加固效果。
Because of effect of well resistance and smear , deep soil can not achieve adquate vacuum when adopting the common vacuum preloading to reinforce soft soil .So deep soil can not be reinforced effectively .A method of deep air-boosted vacuum preloading to overcome the shortage of common vacuum preloading was proposed , which could improve the rate of drainage through enlarge the pressure difference between soil and the vertical drain .In addition, convection was produced between deep soil and upper soil with deep air -boosted, the rate of drainage would be improved due to that reason .Compared with the physical indicators of common preloading model test and found that the indicators of the moisture content , cross shear strength , cumulation settlement were better than those of the common vacuum preloading .It concluded that the soft soil could achieved better reinforcement through deep air -boosted vacuum preloading .

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沧州地处河北东南部，地表水资源比较匮乏，水污染较为严重，为满足工农业生产和居民生活用水的需要，只能开采深层地下水，尤其以开采深层第Ⅲ含水组为主。对沧州区域深层地下水第Ⅲ含水组的水质及水污染现状进行了分析，同时对地下水的应用提出了几点建议。
Cangzhou is located in southeast of Hebei Province with deficient surface water resource and serious water pollution. In order to satisfy the water of industrial and agricultural production and residents'' lives, exploiting deep groundwater, especially the third group, is the only way. Status of water quality and water pollution is analyzed for the third group and suggestions are proposed for groundwater application.

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针对传统取样技术无法获取库区深层淤积泥沙的问题，采用低扰动柱状深层取样设备在小浪底库区典型断面开展了现场取样试验，获取了主河槽深层淤积泥沙样品并进行了样品土工试验。结果表明：所有取样断面深层淤积泥沙的中数粒径均大于表层淤积泥沙的；同一断面位置沿深度方向，颗粒组成的变化并不是连续的；各典型断面主槽粗沙含量沿水流方向逐渐递减。
The deep sediment sample was not gotten by traditional sampling techniques in the reservoir,low disturbance deep sampling equipment was adopted for field sampling in the typical section of Xiaolangdi Reservoir,the deep sediment samples were obtained in the main river channel for the first time,the physical characteristics of the deep sediment were obtained through the sample soil test. The results show that in all sampling sec-tions,the medium particle diameter of the deep sediment is greater than the same or similar surface sediment. Along the depth direction in one sec-tion,the changes of particle size are not continuous. Along the flow direction,the coarse sand content in main channel decreases gradually.

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