通过调查广(广州)惠(惠州)高速公路路面病害类型及分布范围,采取铣刨、取样、钻心,了解病害发展程度,分析病害成因,结合路面技术状况评价,归纳了几种病害处治对策,以期为路面大修及深层病害处治提供参考。

By-investigating-the-disease-type-and-distribution-of-Guanghui-expressway-pavement-though-milling-and-drilling-core-samples,the-development-degree-of-the-disease-is-found-out-and-the-causes-of-the-disease-is-analyzed.Combined-with-the-technical-condition-evaluation-of-the-pavement,several-dis-ease-treatment-strategies-are-summarized,hoping-to-provide-reference-for-road-repairs-and-deep-disea-ses-treatment-strategy.

柴达木盆地西部南翼山地区深层卤水是经济价值极高的液体矿床，以富含钾、硼、锂和溴等为特征，前人认为南翼山背斜构造区地层的岩性控制着深层富钾卤水的分布。本次研究结果认为，该区卤水主要受控于背斜构造中发育的断层裂隙，深度范围为上新统上油砂山组至渐新统下干柴沟组。本文着重以青藏高原柴达木盆地西部南翼山背斜构造 E3g–N1y 地层富钾深层卤水的形成机制及水化学特征为研究对象，在野外观察、取样及室内分析的基础上，综合分析地质及石油等相关部门地质、水文、物探等方面资料，及对青海油田公司老井最新的卤水层射孔资料，结合储卤层沉积环境、地质构造，富钾深层卤水水文地质及地球化学特征，认为柴达木盆地西部南翼山背斜构造从渐新世至上新世经历了深湖相—半深湖相—浅湖相—潮坪相沉积。沉积环境决定着原始深层卤水的水性与水质，南翼山背斜褶皱构造形成的同时，产生了一系列纵向、横向及顺层等断层及相应的构造裂缝(隙)，构成了富钾深层卤水的储水空间。大量的化学分析资料显示，南翼山背斜构造区深层卤水是封闭程度高的还原环境下沉积变质作用的产物。

The deep brine in Nanyishan area in the western part of the Qaidam Basin is a liquid deposit with extremely high economic value, characterized by enrichment of potassium, boron, lithium and bromine. Previous workers considered that the lithologic character of the strata in Nanyishan anticlinal structural area controls the distribution of deep potassium-rich brine. The study conducted by the authors reveal that the brine in this area is controlled by fault fissures developed in the anticlinal structure, with the depth range from Pliocene Shangyoushashan Formation to Oligocene Lower Ganchaigou Formation. With the formation mechanism and hydrochemical characteristics of the potassium-rich deep brine in E3g–N1y strata of Nanyishan anticlinal structure as the emphatic study objects and on the basis of field observation and sampling as well as indoor analysis, theauthors made an integrated analysis of geological, hydrological and physical data provided by related geological and pe

在水文地质调查、取样测试的基础上,以安徽省淮北市地下水中的氟为研究对象,对338个地下水样品的测试结果进行了分析。结果表明:淮北市地下水中氟的含量在空间分布上总体呈从北向南逐渐降低趋势,北部氟含量均值在2.0 mg/L以上;氟的超标率35.5%,高于淮河流域地下水氟的超标率20.14%(淮河流域地下水污染项目数据统计结果);浅层地下水(≤50 m)氟超标率40.45%,深层地下水(50 m)氟的超标率16.9%;地下水中氟超标与地质背景、人类活动以及环境条件有关。

On the basis of hydrogeological survey and sample analysis, fluorine in the groundwater was taken as the study object in Huaibei City, Anhui Province. Analyses of 338 groundwater samples show that the overall spatial distribution of fluorine decreases from north to south. The mean of the fluorine values in the north is higher than 2.0 mg/L. The standard-surpassing rate of fluorine content of the groundwater is 35.5%, much higher than that of the whole Huaihe River Basin whose standard-surpassing rate is 20.14%. The standard-surpassing rate of shallow groundwater (≤ 50m) fluorine content is 40.45%, which is higher than that of the deep groundwater (> 50m) whose standard-surpassing rate is 16.9%. Excessive fluorine in groundwater is related to geological background, human activities and environmental conditions.

为准确掌握永定河上游山阃盆地地下水质量状况,并从水化学角度探讨其分布特征。基于研究区的地质和水文地质条件,将2008年6月采集的65个地下水样分为浅、中、深层。按照F值评分法进行了分层综合质量评价。并采用数理统计方法,分别计算了上游、中游和下游每一个含水层特征指标算数平均值和方差。开展了TDS、Ca~(2+),NO_3-和硬度与取样深度的相关性分析。结果表明,延庆盆地内水样基本均属于偏碱性水,垂向上,延庆盆地地下水由浅到深,地下水水质逐渐变好,且随着深度增大,水样的pH值有增大趋势。横向上,上游地下水水质好于中游,中游好于下游;深层地下水已经出现较差和极差点。在上游地区基本以HCO_3-Ca·Mg为主,水质趋同性好,分层特征较弱;在中游地区,大部分中层地下水中的Na~+浓度升高,开始出现HCO_3-Ca·Na·Mg型,水质分层特征明显。到了下游地区,Na~+和Mg~(2+)浓度快速升高,许多水样表现为HCO_3-Na·Mg·Ca型和HCO_3·SO_4-Na·Ca·Mg型。越往下游,地下水的化学组分更趋于复杂,一方面表征了其多源输入的特征,另一方面反映了人类活动影响强度的增强。

In order to evaluate the groundwater quality of Yongding River upstream mountain basin and to discuss the characteristics of its distribution by the view of hydrochemistry, a total of 65 groundwater samples, collected within YanQing basin in the dry period of 2008 according to the geological and hydrogeololgical condition of Yanqing basin, were classify shallow, middle and deep groundwater respectively. Based on the data, the groundwater quality is evaluated by the method of F value. The mean and variance of main chemical constituens of groundwater samples were presented.. Also , the relationship between the depth of the samples and the concentration of TDS,Ca2+, Cl-, NO3-,pH, EC, hardness were analysed. The results show that most groundwater belong to Alkaline water. From shallow to middle, and then to deep, the quality of groundwater in Beijing is getting better. In the horizontal, from the fanhead area to middle area and then to the edge of the fan, groundwater become worse. The wor

为探讨北京潮白河冲洪积扇第四系地下水系统水化学分布特征,依据地层结构及水文地质条件,于2008年枯水期采集浅、中、深层水样293组,用于水化学分析。利用数理统计法计算了总硬度、溶解性总固体、氨氮、铁、氟、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氯化物、重碳酸根、硫酸根等10种组分上、中、下游不同含水层的算术均值和均方差。结果表明,浅层地下水除了NO3–外,其余9种组分的算术均值均呈现由上游到中下游增大的趋势,均方差则中游较上游和下游大;整个冲洪积扇地下水均属偏碱性水,水化学类型多样,由上游的HCO3-Ca·Mg型逐渐过渡到中下游的HCO3-Ca·Na·Mg型和HCO3·SO4-Na·Ca·Mg型;随着往下游径流,地下水的化学类型趋于复杂多样,Cl–、矿化度和硬度等组分浓度升高。TDS、硬度、Cl–、NO3–和电导率均与取样深度呈反相关关系,pH值则与深度成正相关。水化学结果显示冲洪积扇地下水具有良好的分层分带特征,上游地区水质均一性高,是单一含水层结构,上下贯通,水动力条件好的反映,而中下游水动力条件较差,含水层分层明显。从测试组分的浓度分布范围和数值来看,均表现出浅层水样中层水样深层水样。地下水质量表现为上游好于中游,中游好于下游,分带特征明显。组分含量较高的样点和超标点绝大多数为浅层水样,这一点反映了中下游地区较强的人为输入和多源补给的特征。

In order to study the characteristics of delamination and zoning of Quaternary groundwater in Chaobai alluvial fan based on the view of hydrochemistry,the authors collected a total of 293 samples for chemical analyses from shallow, middle and deep aquifer respectively in Chaobai alluvial-proluvial fan in the dry period of 2008 according to geological and hydrogeololgical conditions. Based on the data obtained, the authors calculated the means and mean square deviations of main chemical constituents such as NH4+, HCO3-, Cl-, F-, SO42-, NO3-, Fe, NO2-, hardness and TDS, and the results showed that the means of the other nine components except NO3-in shallow groundwater had the tendency of increase from the upper reaches to the middle and lower reaches. The mean square deviation was higher in the middle reaches than in the upper and the lower reaches. Almost all the Quaternary groundwater of Chaobai River pluvial fan belonged to alkaline water type. The groundwater chemical type changed g