采用宜昌劈裂砂岩,在有、无砂岩填充条件下,分别从轴压、围压、劈裂面面积、凹凸高差、迹线长度、劈裂面2D投影面积、进出口长度、结构面粗糙度对渗流量的影响规律进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:有、无砂粒填充下轴压与渗流量均呈线性递增关系;无填充时围压与渗流量呈对数递减关系,有充填时围压与渗流量呈线性关系;无充填时渗流量与流面积呈三次函数关系,而充填后过流面积对渗流量几乎无影响;凹凸高差、2D面积与渗流量的关系也有相似规律,分析认为,这主要是砂粒充填后带来的过流通道要远大于上述三因素对过流通道的改变;无充填时,渗流量随迹线长度线性递减,有填充时该规律被淹没;无论有、无填充,渗流量与过流面粗糙度系数在一定范围内均呈现二次函数关系。这些规律能指导渗流测量时各因素的优先次序,可有效减少对次要影响因素的测量工作,同时可对渗流的数值模拟提供参考。

Taking the splitting sandstone from Yichang as the research object, the paper respectively studies about seepage flow variation rules caused by axial compressions, confining pressures, splitting surface area, concave-convex height different, trace length, 2D projected area of splitting surface, import and export length and joint roughness. The results suggest that the axial compression and seepage flow are in linear increasing relation whether the specimen is filled or not;confining pressures and seepage flow are in a relationship of logarithmic decrement when the specimen is unfilled, while in linear relation as the specimen is filled. Under non-filler condition, the seepage area has a cubic function to the seepage velocity, while there is no influence under filling condition, and at the same time, the concave-convex height difference, 2D projected area have the same rule with seepage velocity. Analysis suggests that the influence on seepage passages of the three factors is far from t

地下水（潜水）位上升，在黄土（非饱和土）中会产生一种特殊的渗流现象———向上渗流。为了探索黄土中的向上渗流规律，研制了非饱和土向上渗流试验仪。试验仪器由补水装置、渗流装置、连接管及试验台等部件组成，可用来模拟不同水势压力（定水头压力）条件下潜水位上升的水土作用过程。该试验仪不仅可直接观察水在土中向上渗流的过程、渗流锋面形态及变化，而且可以获取渗流锋面位移－时间关系（渗流速度）、渗流压力－渗流速度关系等渗流特征参数，揭示向上渗流规律，服务于黄土灾害（滑坡、崩塌、地面沉降等）研究。基于此试验仪器，采取两组原状非饱和离石黄土，对其均分别进行定压力水头为1 cm、5cm、10cm的向上渗流模拟试验，试验结果表明：试验仪器能够较好模拟定水头压力条件下潜水位上升的水土作用过程、直观再现水在土中的向上渗流以及获取所需的向上渗流特征参数，具有一定的应用前景及价值。

Upward seepage,a special kind of seepage phenomenon,can be generated in the loess (unsaturated soil)on the rise of underground water(phreatic water)level.In order to explore the upward seepage law in the loess,the upward permeameter on unsaturated soil is developed.This experimental instrument consists of water replenishing device,seepage device,connecting pipe which connects the two devices and test bed.It can simulate the interaction between soil and water under different water pressure(constant head pressure)on the rise of water table.The tester can directly observe the process of water upward seepage in the loess,the shape and the change of seepage front and can obtain the relationship between seepage frontal displacement and time(seepage velocity),the relationship between seepage pressure and seepage velocity.Revealing the upward seepage law to serve the study of loess disasters(landslide,collapse,land subsidence and the like)is of great significance.On the basis of the

渗流是破碎介质内氡运移的主要方式之一，研究氡在破碎射气介质内的渗流运移和析出规律对氡的防护设计具有重要意义。为此，本文以粒径为4～5 mm的铀矿石为实验样品，利用自制的一维渗流实验装置研究了不同渗流速度下破碎射气介质内孔隙氡活度浓度和介质表面氡析出率的变化规律。实验结果表明，破碎射气介质的气体渗透率较大，氡的运移很容易由渗流主导。当破碎射气介质内氡主要以渗流方式运移时，可通过测量介质内同一位置不同渗流速度的孔隙氡活度浓度或同一渗流速度不同位置的孔隙氡活度浓度，运用氡在射气介质中的浓度分布解析式和非线性最小二乘法，估算出介质的可运移氡产生率。一定渗流速度范围内，同一高度的氡活度浓度随渗流速度的增大呈负指数减小，同一渗流速度的氡活度浓度随离介质渗流入口距离的增大近似呈线性增大。介质渗流出口表面氡析出率随渗流速度的增大呈指数增大，最终趋于稳定。

The seepage is one of the main ways of radon migration in the fragmented media ,so it is of great significance to study radon seepage migration and exhalation law s in the fragmented emanation media for the design of radon protection .T he uranium ore particles whose diameters were from 4 mm to 5 mm were chosen as the experimental samples ,and a home-made one-dimensional seepage experimental device was used tostudy the variation of pore radon activity concentration in the fragmented emanation media and the variation of radon exhalation rate in the surface of fragmented emanation media at different seepage velocities .The experimental results show that the gas perme-ability is quite large in the fragmented emanation media ,so the seepage becomes the main force of radon migration .When the main way of radon migration is seepage ,by measuring the pore radon activity concentrations under different seepage velocities at a fixed position or at different positions under a seepage velocity ,th

基于COMSOL Multiphysics平台提供的M语言进行二次开发，研制多物理场全耦合分析模型，并开发计算程序。结合黄河上游某水电站工程建立拱坝渗流场与应力场耦合的三维有限元模型，对比分析水库正常运行期考虑与不考虑耦合情况下坝体和坝基的渗流场与应力场。结果表明，2种情况下渗流场、应力场和位移场的分布规律一致，数值有差别。相比不考虑耦合作用，考虑耦合作用所得到的渗流场等势线偏向下游，各位移分量都有不同程度的增加，且坝体上游岩体的拉应力增加，坝肩和坝基下游岩体的压应力增加，造成坝基渗流场局部分布规律变化，扬压力明显增大，对坝体和坝基稳定产生不利影响。可见，高坝考虑渗流-应力耦合作用效应是十分必要的。

Based on M language offered by COMSOL Multiphysics,a full coupled analysis model was developed, and the corresponding calculating program was complied. And then,a three-dimensional finite element model of an arch dam located on Yellow River was established. The coupled seepage-stress field was compared with uncoupled condition under a selected reservoir operation case. The seepage field,stress field and displacement field were analyzed for deep understanding of the significance of coupling analysis in the high arch dam. The results showed the same distribution of seepage,stress and displacement fields in those two cases. However, compared with the uncoupled case,the equipotential lines of seepage field were close to downstream. Every displacement component increased at different rates,the tensile stress of the upstream rock increased and the compressive stress of the downstream rock also increased in the coupled case. The uplift pressure increased in the foundation and it was not benef

采用饱和—非饱和渗流场数学模型,通过室内试验测得的黏土渗透系数并运用数值模拟手段研究饱和—非饱和填埋场衬垫系统中水渗流规律。数值模拟结果分析表明:在饱和渗流场中水的运移速度明显大于处于非饱和状态下的运移速度,并导致在相同位置衬垫层处产生不同的压力水头,且随着时间的变化,非饱和渗流场下的压力水头远远小于饱和状态下的数值;此外,还验证了工程实际中采用渗透系数为10-7cm/s数量级黏土衬垫系统的合理性。该研究为分析渗滤液水分运移规律时采用非饱和渗流场提供理论数据,并验证所推荐的填埋场衬垫系统土工参数的正确性。

The conductivity coefficient of clay is texted in indoor experiment , and the law of seepage in liner system under saturated-unsaturated condition is stydied by the method of numerical simulation based on the two mathemati-cal model of the seepage field .Numerical simulation results show that the velocity of water in saturated seepage field is obviously larger than that of unsaturated , thus causing distinct pressure heads in the same height of the two liner systems.Moreover, the pressure head in the condition of unsaturated is much smaller than that of saturated as time going by.In addition, the rationality of the adoption of clay in the order of magnitude of 10 -7 cm/s in engineering practice .The theoretical data is provided to conduct us to use the unsaturated seepage when analyzing the migration of leachate from this study , and the correction of the recommended geotechnical parameters in landfill is verified .