介绍了咸寒区灌渠冻寒原型段的建立，采用常用的断面形式和5种防渗和保温类型，并引入了新型防渗和保温材料，涵盖了大多灌渠的建设形式。基于此原型段布置相应的监测系统，包括大气温度、渠基土体温度、孔隙水压力、界面土压力、土壤含水率、变形等众多物理量，为长期研究咸寒区灌渠冻害建立了很好的平台。

This paper summarizes experimental method of concrete in sulfate erosion and freeze -thaw environment , and the controversy about this .Through the analysis mechanism of concrete in two different environments.Discusses it about under the environment of this three factors should be con-sidered, and puts forward the corresponding experimental research methods .Using for reference.

通过对泾惠渠灌区2013年夏秋灌期干支斗渠浑水资料的实时取样分析，探究渠灌区渠系挟沙水流含沙量及泥沙级配的时空变化规律，量化描述不同粒径悬移质泥沙颗粒的输移特征，旨在获得灌渠渠系内挟沙水流历经冲淤过程不同粒径悬沙沿程的垂向分布与输移规律，为渠灌区的运行及泥沙问题的处理提供理论基础。灌区内进行的原型取样测流工作在选定的具有代表性的干-支-斗渠线路上进行，观测分析了灌区渠系含沙量及不同粒径泥沙颗粒沿垂线分布的特征，验证分析了挟沙水流历经淤积过程含沙量分布的变化规律。通过对典型渠系线路不同粒径悬移质泥沙的沿程调整计算分析，表明不同粒径泥沙沿程的输移特征不同，各分组沙的冲淤特征并不都和全沙平均计算结果一致，其中级配曲线左端一定粒径范围（约＞0.015 mm）的粗沙与全沙具有同冲同淤的规律。该研究可为泾惠渠灌区泥沙处理利用以及渠灌区浑水调控理论与技术的进一步研究提供依据。

Due to non-uniformity of precipitation distribution, irrigation plays an irreplaceable role in agriculture, and diversion channel is the main form in irrigation district. Water and sediment is always indivisible, so it’s always inevitable to divert water at the same time not to divert sediment into the irrigation system. In this paper, the transport characteristics of the suspended sediment in the irrigation canals in the irrigation system are mainly studied. Based on the field data sampled in Jinghuiqu irrigation district during the summer and autumn irrigation period in 2013, the temporal and spatial variation laws of sediment concentration and gradation of the suspended load will be researched and the transport characteristics of the suspended load of different size will be described quantitatively in order to provide basis for sediment treatment and the further research on the theory and technique on regulating the sediment in muddy flow in irrigation channels. The sampl

人民胜利渠自1952年开始引黄灌溉，至2012年累计引黄河水360亿m3，引入泥沙5．1亿t，为灌区农业生产环境的改善提供了物质基础。开灌前占灌区耕地面积34．6％的盐碱地、低洼沼泽地以及黄河故道的沙荒地得到改良，成为稳产、高产田；灌区对黄河泥沙的控制性运用，在很大程度上改善了黄河背河洼地的排水条件，消除了该区的渍、涝灾害；引黄灌溉对灌区地下水的补充以及“井渠结合”灌溉维持了灌区地下水的动态平衡，苦咸水区的地下水水质得到改善。

A total amount of 36 billion m3 water from the Yellow River together with 510 million tons of silt was diverted to the irrigation area through the People’s Victory Canal (PVC)by the end of 2012 since the completion of the PVC project in 1952. The salt&alkaline lands,swamp low lands and waste sandy lands that amount to 34. 6% of the irrigation area was transformed to stabilized high-yield lands. Ground level of most low lands along the northern dyke of the Yellow River was lifted by 0. 5~3. 5m with silt sedimentation,which improved the drainage condition and the waterlog thus under control. Due to the supplement by the irrigation,together with the creative irrigation mode featured by ground water com-bined with canal water,the dynamic balance of the ground water was maintained in the PVC irrigation area and the quality of the ground water at some salt land area was meliorated.

地下水是指储存在地面以下饱和岩土孔隙、裂隙及溶洞的水。地下水资源量是指某时段内地下含水层接收降水、地表水体、侧向径流及人工回灌等项渗透补给量的总和。其中,地表水体渗透补给量由湖泊(水库、坑塘)周边渗透补给量、河道及渠系渗透补给量和田间灌溉入渗补给量组成。对无资料地区通常采用临近站地形、地貌等相似的地区借用其现有的水文资料来计算地下水资源量。文章对此进行探讨研究。

Groundwater is stored below ground pore,fissure and cave in rock and soil saturated water.Groundwater resources amount refers to total amount of water for aquifers receiving precipitation, surface water,lateral runoff and artificial recharge,infiltration recharge in a period.Among them,the surface water is consisted of infiltration recharge by the lake (reservoir,pool)surrounding infiltration recharge,river and canal seepage recharge and irrigation infiltration recharge.But for the area without data,the data near the area,the similar terrain landform,nearby stations are borrowed to calculate the groundwater resources amount.

目前国内外渠道优化配水都是在下级渠道配水流量相等这一假定的基础上建立单目标优化模型,这与多数渠系的实际配水要求不符。针对这一问题,建立了下级配水渠道流量不等时的双目标优化配水模型,该模型分别以引水流量和引水时间差异最小为目标函数,并应用改进的遗传算法进行求解,确定了灌区最优轮灌组组合。实例计算结果表明该模型能够有效提高灌溉效率,减少配水渠道闸门调控次数,取得较好的配水效果。

The present optimal water delivery scheduling models are based on the assumed equal design discharges of lateral channels , which are not in accordance with practical water delivery scheduling demand in most irrigation systems .In view of this problem ,an optimal water delivery scheduling multi-objective model is established under unequal design discharges .The model ,takes both the minimum water flow rate and water diversion time difference as the goals .The improved genetic algorithm is used to solve this mod-el ,and determine the optimal combination of group rotation irrigation .The results show that the model can effectively improve the efficiency of irrigation ,decrease the times of gate control and obtain the good effect of water distribution .