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双语推荐：灵芝三萜

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目的比较三种灵芝(霍芝1号、韩芝、日芝)不同药用部位的总多糖、总三萜、灵芝酸A及灵芝酸B的含量差异,为全面评价灵芝药材及孢子粉的质量及其药用成分的合理利用提供依据。方法采用苯酚-硫酸法测定总多糖含量;香草醛-冰乙酸-高氯酸显色法测定总三萜的含量;HPLC法测定灵芝酸A、B的含量。结果每种灵芝不同药用部位的总多糖含量由高到低依次为:孢子粉菌盖菌柄;每种灵芝不同药用部位的总三萜含量由高到低依次为:菌盖菌柄孢子粉;每种灵芝不同药用部位的灵芝酸A和灵芝酸B含量由高到低依次为:菌盖菌柄孢子粉,且灵芝酸A的含量均明显高于灵芝酸B。结论该研究为全面评价灵芝子实体及孢子粉的质量及其药用成分的合理利用提供依据。
Objective To compare the contents of total polysaccharides,total triterpenes,ganoderic acid A and ganoderic acid B in different medicinal parts of three Ganoderma lucidum and to provide evidence for the quality evaluation and rational use of Ganoderma lucidum. Methods To measure the total polysaccharides content by sulfuric acid-phenol method;To measure the total triterpenes content by vanillin-acetic acid-perchloric method;To measure the content of Ganoderic acid A and B with HPLC method. Results The content of total polysaccharides in different medicinal parts of each Ganoderma lucidum ranked from great to small as follows: spores,pileus,stipe;but the content of total triterpenes of different parts ranked from great to small as flows:pileus,stipe,spores;the content of ganoderic acid A and B in different medicinal parts of each Ganoderma lucidum ranked from great to small as follows:pileus,stipe,spores.The content of ganoderic acid A was significantly higher than ganoderic acid. Concl

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灵芝作为我国历史悠久的传统珍贵药材，有着极其不菲的药用价值。其中，三萜类化合物，作为灵芝中的主要活性物质之一，在抗HIV、抗炎、保肝护肝、抗肿瘤等方面发挥了其特有的生物活性；同时，灵芝三萜类化合物也是鉴定灵芝相关商品质量及品质的重要指标和保证，其应用前景非常可观。本文主要就近年来灵芝中三萜类化合物的提取、检测分析和药理活性等方面的研究现状及进展进行归纳总结。
Ganoderma lucidum is a famous medicinal mushroom that has been used as a traditional medicine for a long time in China.The triterpenes,a major group of constituents in this mushroom,can be regarded as clinical drugs for the prevention and treatment of HIV,arthritis,hepatopathy,and cancer. Triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum is a key point for products to have reliable quality guarantees . Therefore ,it is very significant to go a further research on the function and extraction method of ganoderma lucidum triterpenes.This article mainly explains the ganoderma lucidum triterpenes on the fields of extraction,functional composition tests and biological activity.

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选用赤灵芝子实体超细粉为样品,通过单因素试验和响应面法结合对灵芝三萜的提取的工艺条件进行优化,获得最佳提取工艺条件:提取温度为50℃,提取时间50min,料液比为1∶20,测得灵芝三萜提取率为1.27%。
This passage selects the ganoderma sporophore powder as the sample, through the single factor experiment and the response surface method and process conditions on the extraction of Ganoderma lucidum three terpenes were optimized, the best extraction condition:extracting temperature was 50℃, extraction time 50 min, ratio of solid to liquid was 1∶20, measured from Ganoderma lucidum three extraction rate is about 1.27%.

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目的：利用灵芝菌对中药材茯苓药材进行固态生物转化，研究转化产物中总多糖和总三萜量的变化情况。方法：采用微波法提取茯苓及转化产物中的总多糖并采用苯酚-硫酸法进行含量测定；采用超声法提取茯苓及转化产物中总三萜并用香草醛-高氯酸法进行含量测定。结果：经生物转化后产物中的总多糖含量明显高于未经转化的茯苓药材（P<0.01），而总三萜含量明显升高（P<0.01），说明灵芝菌的生物转化过程改变了茯苓药材的原始特性；茯苓对灵芝生长具有促进作用，表现为灵芝菌丝生长旺盛未受抑制、转化产物中总多糖及总三萜含量显著高于茯苓原药材。结论：利用灵芝菌对中药茯苓进行生物转化来提高总多糖和总三萜含量，具有方法简单、成本低等优点，在中药现代化中有较高的应用价值。
Objective: To study the biotransformation of Poria cocos by Ganoderma lucidum and the changes of total polysaccharide and total triterpenes contents of the biotransformation products. Method: The experiment uses the microwave method to extract and sulfuric acid-phenol method to measure total polysaccharide content. And the ultrasonic wave method was used to extract total triterpenes and the content was measured by vanillin-perchloric method. Result: After treatment by G. lucidum, the total polysaccharide and triterpenes content of the biotransformation products were significantly higher than the non-conversed P. cocos (P<0.01), showing that the original performance of P. cocos was changed by way of biotransformation of G. lucidum; P. cocos had a promotion effect on the growth of G. lucidum. Conclusion: Biotransformation of P. cocos for Increasing the total polysaccharide and triterpenes contents by using G. lucidum has advantages of simple, low cost and so on. This method has a certain

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目前灵芝等食药用菌大多采用阔叶树栽培，对林木消耗极大，以草代木成为了现今的栽培趋势，不仅解决了原料来源的问题，而且可有效地保护森林生态环境。实验菌株选自实验室杂交菌株中的7株和亲本2株，通过统计菌丝生长速度、子实体大小、产量等农艺性状，并运用分光光度法及高效液相色谱法分析成熟子实体有效成分的含量，筛选出适合菌草栽培的菌种。实验结果表明，菌株J－1／AL－12的产量最高，同时有效成分含量也相对较高。分析不同杂交菌株间及菌草灵芝与木屑灵芝间的灵芝三萜指纹图谱，发现不同菌株的三萜含量有差异，而不同原材料栽培的灵芝子实体其三萜指纹图谱无明显差异。
At present, edible and medicinal mushroom like Ganoderma, mushroom which are culti-vated by broadleaf sawdust, would usually consume a great amount of wood.In the experiment, nine strains are selected from hybrid strains of laboratory.Through the counting of mycelial growth rates, fruiting body size, yield and other agronomic traits, spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography are used to analyze the active ingredient content of mature fruiting bodies, in order to sort out suitable strains for JUNCAO cultivation.The result shows that the strain of J-1/AL-12 is the better strain for JUNCAO cultivation.And, there are different fingerprints among different strains and same fingerprints between fruiting body by sawdust and JUNCAO cultivation.

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为培育耐高温、适宜设施栽培的优良赤灵芝（Ganoderma lucidum）新品种,以＂仙芝1号＂（XZ-1）为出发菌株,通过高温栽培筛选和航天卫星搭载诱变处理,获得了一株耐高温35℃以上、高产和优质的赤灵芝新菌株＂仙芝2号＂（XZ-2）。在以＂日本红芝＂（RZ）、＂韩芝＂（HZ）、＂沪农灵芝1号＂（HN-1）和XZ-1为对照的比较试验中,单茬段木栽培试验表明XZ-2干子实体产量比对照品种提高9.7%～30.1%,干孢子产量提高20.2%～45.7%,均差异显著;两潮栽培试验,干子实体和孢子产量以及子实体干品中粗多糖和三萜酸含量也均显著高于对照;XZ-2的粗多糖、三萜酸含量及子实体、孢子产量稳定性较高,多点、年份之间均没有检测到显著差异;遗传差异分析表明,XZ-2与HN-1遗传距离远、与XZ-1遗传距离近。以上结果表明,XZ-2是一个综合性状较为优良的赤灵芝新菌株。
Ganoderma lucidum,strain XZ-2,was obtained by tissue isolation and radiation treatment from the parental strain XZ-1.Differences in ITS amplification patterns,and in fruit body and basidiospore yields,indicated that XZ-2 was a new strain.Cultivation tests comparing XZ-2 with control G.lucidum strains XZ-1,RZ,HZ and HN-1,carried out at different locations in Zhejiang Province between 2007 and 2012,demonstrated that XZ-2 fruit body and basidiospore yields were 9.7%-30.1% and 20.2%-45.7%higher,respectively than control values, and that the annual yields were stable. Polysaccharide and triterpenoid levels in XZ-2 fruit bodies were also higher compared with controls.

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探讨灵芝三萜抑制氧化应激防治大鼠高脂性脂肪肝的作用。方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组,模型组,灵芝三萜低、中、高剂量组(GT-L、GT-M、GT-H组)和辛伐他汀组。用高脂饲料喂养建立大鼠高脂性脂肪肝模型。经12周给药后,分别测定各组血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)及肝组织中MDA,SOD,GSH-Px和T-AOC的含量;免疫印迹观察NOX2蛋白表达情况;光镜观察肝组织脂肪病变程度。结果:与模型组比较GT-M组、GTs-H组血清TC、TG、LDL含量均显著降低(P0.05或P0.01),GT-H组HDL含量显著增加(P0.05);GT-M组、GT-H组肝匀浆中MDA含量较模型组相比均明显降低(P0.05或P0.01),SOD,GSHPx和总抗氧化能力水平较模型组相比均明显上升(P0.05或P0.01)。GT-H组可明显下调NOX2蛋白表达(P0.05)。GT-M组、GT-H组肝细胞脂肪变性程度明显减轻。结论:灵芝三萜能降低高脂性脂肪肝大鼠血脂水平,其对大鼠高脂性脂肪肝的防治作用可能与抑制氧化应激有关。
Objective: To research the effect of Ganoderma Triterpene on inhibiting the oxidative stress of hyperlipidemic fatty liver in rats. Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (NG),the model group (MG),the Ganoderma Triterpene groups of low,middle and high doses (GT-LG,GT-MG and GT-HG) and the Simvastatin group (SV).The rats were fed with high fat diet to prepare the model of hyperlipidemic fatty liver in rats. After administration for 12 weeks, rats in each group were determined with the following indexes: total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)in serum as well as the contents of SOD,MDA,GSH-Px and T-AOC in hepatic tissues. Histopathological changes of hepatic tissues were observed under light glass. Results: Compared with the model group,both the GT-M group and the GT-H group showed obvious decreases in TC,TG and LDL-C (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the GT-H group showed

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比较了机械法不同破壁时间对灵芝孢子粉破壁率、多糖、脂肪、腺苷含量测定及核苷和三萜类HPLC 图谱测定的影响。结果表明：破壁率有随破壁时间增加呈提高的趋势，但破壁20 min、30 min、50 min 的破壁率无显著性差异；孢子粉中的油脂以及三萜类的成分，只有在破壁后才能被释放，破壁10 min 后已能使这些有效成分充分溶出，而破壁与否及破壁时间对多糖和腺苷含量的测定结果无显著性影响。
Ganoderma lucidum sporidia were broken by a mechanical method,and the effects of sporoderm breaking time were compared on the broken sporoderm rate and the determination of polysaccharide,fat and adenosine as well as the HPLC patterns of nucleosides and triterpenes.The results indicated that the broken sporoderm rates had a growth trend with the breaking time increasing but were not significantly different when the breaking time was 20 min,30 min and 50 min;The fat and triterpenes in the sporidia could be released only after sporoderm breakage and could be fully dissolved after breaking the sporoderm for 10 min;The determination of polysaccharide and adenosine contents was not significantly influenced by the intact or broken sporoderm and the sporoderm breaking time.

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建立灵芝三萜酸组分(GLA)的指纹图谱,为其质量控制提供依据。方法:使用植物组织破碎法提取GLA,利用高效液相色谱法建立GLA的指纹图谱。结果:GLA高效液相色谱指纹图谱中有8个峰为其主要特征,其α值分别为0.68,0.73,0.90,0.95,1.00,1.12,1.36,1.46。结论:所建立的RP-HPLC指纹图谱分析方法可为GLA的质量控制提供理论依据。
Objective: To set up the fingerprint of triterpene acids components of ganoderma lucidum (GLA)and to provide a basis for its quality control. Methods: To extract the triterpene acids components of ganoderma lucidum by plant tissue crushing method and to establish the fingerprint of GLA by HPLC. Results: There were 8 characteristic peaks in HPLC fingerprint of GLA,their alpha values were 0.68,0.73,0.90,0.95,1.00,1.12,1.36 and 1.46 respectively. Conclusion:The established RP-HPLC fingerprint can provide a theoretical basis for the quality control of GLA.

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灵芝多糖具有调节免疫、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降血脂、抗辐射、保护肝脏等多种生物活性，但由于野生灵芝很少，固体种植灵芝周期长，深层发酵技术是获取灵芝多糖类化合物的重要手段。本文对国内外灵芝多糖深层发酵生产技术的研究进展进行了综述，并作出展望。
Ganoderma polysaccharides have a wide range of biological activities,such as immuno-modulating, anti-tumor,antioxidant,hypolipidemic,anti -radiation and hepatoprotective activity,etc. However,the wild fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum is rare,and the production of fruiting bodies and spores includes a long cultivation. It is an importantly alternative method to produce Ganoderma polysacchrides by submerged culture of G. lucidum. The progress of Ganoderma polysacchrides production by submerged culture of G. lucidum was reviewed,and further research outlook was put forward in this paper.

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