在解析基础研究环境要素的基础上，从投入环境、评价环境、政策制度环境、人文环境等方面分析了我国基础研究环境的基本现状，指出了其存在的问题。在此基础上提出了以下建议：丰富基础研究投入方式，优化基础研究投入结构；创新基础研究评价模式，健全基础研究评价方法体系；完善基础研究政策法规体系，构建独立的基础研究奖励体系；营造崇尚自由的基础研究环境，避免基础研究学术不端行为。

Based on the parsing of factors of basic research environmental,this paper analyzes the current situation of Chinese bas-ic research environment from the aspects of input environment,evaluation environment,policy and institutional environment,cultural en-vironment and points out the existing problems. Based on this,four suggestions are put forward:enrich the input ways of and optimize the input structure of basic research;innovate the evaluation model of and perfect the evaluation methodology of basic research;im-prove the policies and regulations system of and build the independent reward system of basic research;create the basic research envi-ronment which advocates freedom and govern academic misconduct of basic research.

总结了我国高原气候环境特点，分析了柴油机高原环境适应性研究的需求，综述了柴油机高原环境适应性研究的发展历程并探讨了进一步的发展方向。指出高原性能提升关键技术研究、高原环境下柴油机适应性标准体系的建立、高原环境下电子控制技术的应用与发展等柴油机高原环境适应性研究是重点和方向。

The characteristics of domestic plateau environment were summarized and the requirements for plateau environment adaptability research were analyzed .Then the development process and further prospects of plateau environment adaptability research were summarized and discussed .Finally ,it was pointed that the key technology to improve engine performance ,the establishment of adaptability standard system and the application and development of electronic control technology in the plateau environment were the future focus and direction .

针对近年来环境安全的研究现状，提出以大安全观的视角研究环境安全的问题，这一新的研究思路。环境安全作为广义安全的重要分支科学之一，其不再只是片面的“安全”问题或“环境”问题，而是一个突破传统安全思想的非传统安全问题。对于环境安全的理解需要人们理解非传统安全的思想，树立大安全观的理念。大安全观的实质是采用了一个安全的概念和视角，将只关注目益恶化的狭义环境问题上升到关注生态、资源、灾害等领域的广义环境问题，从而揭示了环境安全研究的核心科学问题，具有重要的研究意义和前景。

The new idea of studing environment security in perspective of broad safety is put forward according to the situation of environment security study in recent years. As one of the important branch of general safety, environmental security is no longer just about"security" or "environment", but a nontraditional security issue which breaks through the traditional idea of securuty. To understand environment security, people need to understand the idea of nontraditional security, and establish broad safety concept whose essence is to care general environment issues like ecology, resources and disasters, rather than just care the worsening narrowly defined environment, and thus revealing the core scientific issue of environmental security study, which has important significance and prospect.

本文从多个权威的国际电子期刊数据库搜索到102篇有关智慧学习环境的论文,并采用内容分析法,对近十年来智慧学习环境国际研究现状进行梳理,探讨其未来研究的发展趋势。研究发现,智慧学习环境已成为全球关注的研究领域,研究主题有鲜明的地域特色;智能学习环境的结构功能、适应性学习支持的策略及算法、智慧学习环境的教学策略和案例等是最受关注的研究主题;伴随着新技术的教育应用,未来教室环境、新技术支持下的创新教学,以及师生对学习环境的体验等逐渐成为研究热点;对智慧学习环境在教学性能、学习绩效提升、用户态度和学习体验等获得趋于正面的研究结论。研究还发现,自2008年始,伴随着便携式移动手持设备的普及,可穿戴电脑技术及传感技术等创新技术在教育中的应用,智慧学习环境中有关学习活动类型的研究趋干多样化和创新性,学习空间的研究趋于开放性和虚拟性,学习交互类型研究趋于多通道化和多层次性,学习体验研究趋于直观化和丰富性,学习支持研究趋于个性化和自适应性。这些变化受到智慧学习环境技术丰富特性的驱动。在新技术支持下,全新的学习空间设计、创新的教学形态、真实的学习体验、智慧化的学习支持等将成为未来智慧学习环境的研究重点。

Smart Learning Environments (SLE) is the advanced stage of the development of the digital learning environ-ments. Some practices and results showed that in a technology-rich learning environment, it will be easier to stimulate students'' learning motivation, promote students'' active learning behaviors, and achieve good learning performance through giving learners authentic learning experiences and adaptive learning support. This study searched journal articles by key words including smart classroom, intelligent classroom, future classroom, technology enhanced classroom, technology-rich classroom, smart learning environment, intelligent learning environment, smart learning space, and intelligent learning space. Finally 102 journal articles of SLE were selected from digital databases including ISI web of science, EBSCO host, ERIC, ProQuest, and Scopus for content analysis. The study analyzed the papers as two types of items. One was the basic information of each paper, includi

生态破坏和环境危机迫使人们深刻意识到自然资源具有不同于一般商品的环境价值。国内外的研究表明,对于自然资源的环境价值评估理论和评估体系的研究还有待完善。对自然资源的环境价值评估方面的现有文献的梳理和归纳将有利于我们客观、全面认识环境、经济和社会的关系,推动国内相关研究的开展。

Ecological destruction and environmental crisis forced people realize that natural resources are environmental valuable different from general goods. Research shows the valuation method of natural resources needs further improvement. Reviewing aspects of recent study of natural resources valuation in this paper will propose future research directions.