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双语推荐：环境等级评估

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主要针对复杂电磁环境中的电子设备进行电磁威胁度的评估预测，建立了威胁度评估模型，设定了威胁度等级判定，并利用计算机技术将复杂电磁环境预测仿真进行了软件方面的设计与实现。
This paper mainly aims at the evaluation of electromagnetic threat of electronic equipment in complex electromagnetic environments; it establishes threat assessment model, determines the threat level and use computer technology to design and implement the simulation software of the complex electromagnetic environment.

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针对通信对抗系统战场电磁环境适应能力评估问题，通过战场电磁环境对通信对抗系统影响因素的分析，建立通信对抗系统战场电磁环境适应能力评估指标体系，并提出采用模糊评估理论对通信对抗系统战场电磁环境适应能力进行综合评估。在 Matlab 中，运用层次分析法分配各指标权重，构建指标隶属度函数，在不同复杂度等级战场电磁环境下的相关战技指标数据基础上，运用模糊评估方法对通信对抗系统战场电磁环境适应能力进行综合评估。结果表明该方法具有较好的分辨能力和可操作性，此方法已在某试验中得到应用。
Aiming at the evaluation on battlefield EM (electromagnetic) environment adaptation ability of the communications countermeasures system, the influence factors of battlefield EM environment on communications countermeasures system factors are analyzed, and based on this, the evaluation index system is established. Meanwhile, the fuzzy evaluation theory is proposed to comprehensively evaluate the battlefield electromagnetic environment adaptation ability of communications countermeasures system. In Matlab, AHP is used to distribute index weight, and the fuzzy evaluation theory to construct the function of index subordination and evaluate the ability. The experiment shows that this method is of better resolution and operability.

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复杂电磁环境是现代战场的主要特征之一,它对电子信息装备战术性能的影响越来越大。开展复杂电磁环境下的武器装备试验已势在必行。从电磁环境的特定复杂性出发,分析构建了试验电磁环境的评估指标体系,采用模糊层次分析法确定了评估指标的权重,建立了试验电磁环境的复杂等级划分标准,为科学构建试验电磁环境奠定了基础。
Complex electromagnetic environment is the primary characteristic of modern battlefield , and it affects the tactical performance of electronic information equipment more and more ,so devel-oping the weapon equipment test under the complex electromagnetic environment is imperative un-der the situation .The article analyzes and constructs the evaluation index system of test electro-magnetic environment from the aspect of special complexity of electromagnetic environment ,con-firms the weight of evaluation index by using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process ,sets up the com-partmentalization standard of test electromagnetic environment complexity grade ,w hich establishes the base for constructing test electromagnetic environment scientifically .

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目的开展常见病原微生物环境安全参考标准值研究,为高等级生物安全实验室(BSL)环境风险评估提供依据。方法以微生物危害度评估方法为基本原则,结合人体暴露剂量计算方法,提出人体经呼吸对病原微生物暴露的感染剂量的计算模型。在总结国内外常见病原微生物特性研究成果的基础上,通过模型计算,获得常见病原微生物环境安全临界值参考标准以及环境风险防护距离。结果提出常见高致病性病原微生物环境风险评价标准计算方法,研究得出SARS冠状病毒、高致病性禽流感病毒、结核分枝杆菌、炭疽芽孢杆菌、鼠疫耶尔森菌、土拉热弗朗西丝菌、流行性出血热病毒等7种常见病原微生物的最小感染剂量,以及不同环境风险对应的环境安全临界值。结论所提出的环境安全临界值可作为高等级BSL感染性气溶胶的环境风险评估参考标准,用于实验室风险控制与应急管理。
Objective To study environmental safety reference standard values of commonly encountered pathogenic microorganisms, and provide the basis for environmental risk assessment of a high-level biosafety laboratory (BSL).Methods Using human exposure dose calculation methods as the basic principle in combination with microbial hazard evaluation methods , an infectious dose calculation model of human exposure to pathogenic microorganisms by breathing was proposed . Based on research on characteristics of commonly encountered pathogenic microorganisms at home and abroad , the environ-mental safety threshold reference standard and environmental risk protection zone for such microorganisms were obtained . Results An the environmental risk assessment standard calculation method for commonly encountered highly pathogenic microorganisms was proposed , and the minimum infectious dose and environmental safety threshold of seven commonly encountered pathogenic microorganisms were obtained , including

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云环境下的服务等级协议 SLA 是云服务安全的保障。构建一种云平台下面向 SaaS 的 SLA 体系结构图，通过 XML 文本参数的评估，用户和云服务出租商之间可以建立更好的协商。提出一种基于 XML 和 SLA 本体相似度模型的评估方法，可以降低服务端对用户文本参数评估的模糊度，云端可以支持精确的虚拟服务。
Service Level Agreements (SLA)on the could computing platform is the guarantee of the cloud service security.In this paper,a SLA system structure of SaaS-oriented was constructed.Through the e-valuation of XML text parameter,a better negotiation was built for cloud users and cloud service provid-ers.This paper also proposed a assessment method based on XML and the ontology similarity model for SLA,by which the ambiguity will be reduced by server providers about the evaluation of user text parame-ter and accurate virtual services can be supported by the cloud.

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以江苏省南京市为例，从气象灾害发生维度评估城市暴雨气象灾害风险性。从致灾因子、孕灾环境和承灾体三方面构建南京暴雨灾害风险评价体系，采用2003－2012年统计数据对南京暴雨灾害风险评价指标进行等级划分，构建隶属函数判定评价因素与评价等级的隶属程度，建立二级模糊综合评价模型评估南京暴雨灾害风险，并选取2012年南京暴雨实例进行数据演算，验证该评价模型的有效性，最后提出南京暴雨灾害的防御对策。
From the dimension of meteorological disaster occurrence,Nanjing city is taken as a case to re-search the urban rainstorm disaster risk.Nanjing rainstorm disaster risk evaluation index system is established, which includes the formative factors,subsequently environment and hazard-affected body.Based on the relevant data from 2003 to 201 2,the evaluation indexes are graded.The subordination functions are constructed to judge the degrees of subordination between the evaluation factors and the evaluation grades.The secondary fuzzy comprehen-sive evaluation model is established for torrential rainstorm disaster risk evaluation.Nanjing rainstorm example in 201 2 is selected for data analysis to verify the validity of the model.The relevant defensive countermeasures are put forward.

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由于流域环境风险源识别和等级划分缺乏一套完整成熟的方法，在分析流域环境风险源风险度的基础上，从“驱动力-压力-状态”的框架模型出发，构建了博斯腾湖流域环境风险源识别指标体系，主要包括指标体系构建、评价指标选取和等级划分等内容，并采用多级灰色关联分析方法对博斯腾湖流域环境风险源进行风险源识别。研究结果表明：环境风险源识别区分度较高，识别指标体系合理，评估方法具有科学性和实用性，构建的环境风险源识别指标体系和采用的识别方法符合开展环境风险管理工作的要求，为环境风险源管理提供技术支持和决策信息。
As the lack of one set of complete and practical methods for identification and grade classification of the environmental risk re-sources in catchment of Bositeng Lake, the system for identifying indicators of the environmental risk resources in catchment of Bositeng Lake is constructed based on analysis of the degree of environmental risk resources in catchment of Bositeng Lake and starting with the frame model of Drive, Pressure and Status.The system mainly consists of construction of the indicatorsystem , selection of assessment in-dicators, and grade classification, etc.Furthermore, the environmental risk resources in catchment of Bositeng Lake are identifiedby ap-plication of the multilevel grey correlativity analysis method.The study shows that the identification degree of the environmental risk re-sources is high, the identification indicator system is reasonable, and the assessment method is scientific and practical.Both the construc-ted identification indicator system and appl

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模型预测控制（model predictive control,MPC）路径规划算法适用于三维动态环境下的无人机（unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV）路径规划;动态贝叶斯网络（dynamic Bayesian network,DBN）能够有效推理战场态势,对无人机进行威胁评估。针对威胁尾随无人机时的路径规划问题,构建DBN威胁评估模型,将UAV在战场环境中的威胁态势用威胁等级概率表示,与MPC路径规划算法相结合,得到基于DBN威胁评估的MPC UAV路径规划算法。通过多组仿真分析表明,在三维动态环境下,特别是威胁尾随无人机时,基于DBN威胁评估的MPC无人机路径规划算法可以得到有效的无人机路径。
The model predictive control (MPC)path planning algorithm can solve the problem of dynamic unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)path planning.Dynamic Bayesian network (DBN)is an effective tool for rea-soning and threat assessment.Considering the problem of path planning when the dynamic threat tags the UAV,the MPC path planning algorithm combined with DBN threat assessment is presented,which used the threat lever probability to describe the threat situation.A group of simulations demonstrate the efficiency of MPC three-dimensional dynamic path planning algorithm for UAV based on DBN threat assessment especially when the dynamic threat tags the UAV.

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龙南县离子型稀土矿存在三废排放产生污染、土地破坏和废渣的不规范堆放等问题,导致了生态环境的极度恶化.以该县区典型稀土矿区环境为研究对象,提出了矿山地质环境质量评估指标体系和评估方法,由此得到了矿区的地质环境质量评估等级,分析了造成重大矿山地质环境问题的主要成因.研究结果表明,富坑、龙南县矿和关西稀土矿3个典型稀土矿的质量评估等级分别为极差、极差和差,其主要原因是稀土矿开采、尾砂和废石排放以及大雨降水所导致.该成果为该县稀土矿山地质环境的治理提供重要的指导依据,研究结果对南方其它离子型稀土矿山地质环境的治理具有借鉴作用.
Problems such as three wastes, damage of lands and non-standard stacking of residue waste in ion-absorbed rare-earth mines result in the serious deteriorating of ecological environment in Longnan Country. In this paper, the present situation mine environment is analyzed with the typical mine geological environment after rare-earth mining as subject. The environment quality assessment index system and the method of environmental evaluation is built as well. Quality evaluations to the three rare-earth mines of Longnan County are carried out based on this. The results show that the environmental qualities of the three typical mines of Fukeng, Longnan and Guanxi are poor and very poor. The main causes can be attributed to the mining, rock-tailings emissions and mass precipitation. The locale experiment indicates that this work can serve as an important guidance for the environmental management of the rare-earth mines in Longnan County, and has popularizing significance for other rare-earth

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为解决绿色住宅结构设计中结构环境性能的改善以及其他与结构系统有关的环境问题,在对我国绿色住宅的结构设计评估体系进行研究的基础上,初步提出绿色住宅结构设计评价体系,通过运用多层次灰色评价方法分析、计算绿色住宅结构设计方案的综合评价得分,从而评价其所属等级,并通过实例验证了该方法的实用性和科学性.
In order to improve the environmental performance of building structure,to solve the en-vironmental problems related to structural system of green residential design,this paper studies the structure design of green building assessment system in China,puts forward the green resi-dential building structure design and evaluation system.In the actual evaluation process,through the use of multilevel grey evaluation method for comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the cal-culation of green residential building structure design evaluation index value,the green grade is e-valuated,and practicality and science of the method are verified by an example.

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