评估儿童生长发育的因素有身高、体质量、骨龄、内分泌激素等，生长激素（growth hormone，GH）不仅与儿童生长发育关系密切，当其缺乏时亦会对心脏结构和功能造成损害。先天性心脏病（congenital heart disease， CHD）患儿生长发育明显落后于正常儿童，肺动脉高压、GH-IGF 轴功能紊乱是目前已得到证实的危险因素。本综述从 CHD 的发生、发展阐述其引起生长发育落后的相关机制及心脏结构和功能改变对儿童生长发育的评估意义。

The factors for assessing the growth and development of children include height, weight,bone age,endocrine hormones,etc.Growth hormone (GH)is closely related to child growth and development.GH deficiency can damage cardiac structure and function.The growth and development of children with congenital heart disease(CHD)obviously lag behind normal children.Pulmonary hypertension and GH/IGF axis dysfunction have been confirmed as the risk factors.In this review,we summarize the mechanisms of growth retardation caused by CHD and the value of cardiac structural and functional changes in the evaluation of the growth and develop-ment of children.

目的：分析施甸县城乡学龄前儿童10年生长发育及营养状况，为改善学龄前儿童营养状况，促进其生长发育提供科学依据。方法采用分层二阶段整群抽样法，抽取施甸县城乡2003年6月-2012年6月5所幼儿园的1050名学龄前儿童的健康检查资料，对其生长发育及营养状况进行回顾性分析。结果2003年-2012年，本县学龄前儿童的生长发育水平呈上升趋势，营养状况得到明显改善。结论近10年，本县学龄前儿童在生长发育及营养状况上得到明显的改善，为保证学龄前儿童的生长发育与营养状况，应加大对健康饮食知识与平衡膳食的宣传与普及，改善儿童的营养供给，预防儿童肥胖，促进其健康成长。

Objective To analyze the growth and development and nutritional status of preschool children in urban and rural Shidian County from 2003 to 2012 and to provide a scientific basis for improving the nutritional status and promoting the growth and development of preschool children. Methods Stratified two-stage cluster sampling was used to collect the physical examination data of 1050 preschool children from 5 kindergartens in urban and rural Shidian County from June 2003 to June 2012 to retrospectively analyze the growth and development and nutritional status of these children. Results From 2003 to 2012, the growth and development of preschool children in Shidian County showed an improving trend, and their nutritional status was greatly improved. Conclusion From 2003 to 2012, preschool children in Shidian County showed significant improvements in growth and development and nutritional status. With the purpose of ensuring the growth and development and nutritional status of preschool child

回顾性分析1例生长发育高峰前期拥挤伴前突非拔牙矫治病例治疗结果。该病例于生长发育高峰前期进行扩弓排齐矫治,随着患者的生长发育高峰期的来临,上颌骨向前发育,凸面型变为直面型,面型和牙列拥挤改善良好。

Non-extraction treatment for a case with dental crowding and protrusion in prepuberty is reported.After the slow palatal expan-sion for the treatment of dental crowding of maxilla,the patient underwent orthodontic treatment.The mandibular growth led to the correction of dental crowding and the improvement of jaw profile.

后备奶牛的培育是养牛生产中的一个重要环节,后备奶牛阶段正值生长发育旺期,发育程度的好坏直接影响成年奶牛的体形、体况、健康、繁殖以及产奶性能。因此,通过对后备奶牛生长发育状况的分析,可了解后备奶牛各阶段的营养需要水平及生长发育水平,为科学的饲养管理提供理论依据。

Replacement heifers cultivation was an important part of dairy cattle production. During growth stages,the developmental degree of replacement heifer affected directly adult cow of the body type,body condition,health,reproduction and milk performance. By analyzing the growth character of replacement heifers,the nutrient requirements in different growing stages could been known, which provided theoretical basis on scientific breeding and management .

为探究光照与舞毒蛾生长发育和解毒代谢的关系，研究了不同光照强度条件下，舞毒蛾生长发育和防御酶的响应状况。结果表明：人工饲料喂养的舞毒蛾，在不同光照条件下，其生长发育以及保护酶的活性均无显著差异（p＞0．05），但对解毒酶活性有显著影响（p＜0．05），表明光照强度的改变，在一定程度上影响舞毒蛾解毒代谢。

We studied the responds of the development and defensive enzyme activities of Lymantria dispar to explore the effects of different lightintensities on the development and metabolizing enzyme activities of L.dispar.In different light intensities there are no significant effects on the development and protective enzyme activities (p>0.05).However, there are signifi-cant effects on detoxification enzymes of gypsy moth (p<0.05).Therefore, different light intensities have the effects on the detoxification metabolism of gypsy moth.