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双语推荐：电离

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电离源是离子迁移谱仪中的关键部件，对样品分子的电离和分离都起着重要的作用。该文简要介绍了一些离子迁移谱电离源的原理和特点，对放射性电离源、电晕放电电离源、光电离源、电喷雾电离源、等离子体电离源、薄膜型场电离源等不同类型的电离源进行了介绍，并对离子迁移谱电离源的未来发展趋势进行了展望。
The ionization sources are key components for ion mobiblity spetrometers. Ionization sources are very important for detection sensitivity, stability, reliability and detection range of IMS. Characteristics of the ionization sources and their ionization principles are introduced in a general way. Several sorts of ionization sources are reviewed such as radioactive sources, corona discharge sources, photoionization, electrospray ionization sources, plasma ionization sources, nanoscale soft-ionization membrane, et al. The development trends of ionization sources for IMS are discussed.

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利用经典系综模型研究了氢分子双电离对激光场椭圆率的依赖性.研究发现,氢分子双电离机制对激光的椭偏性有强烈的依赖关系.随着激光场椭圆率的增加,双电离机制由非次序双电离转变为次序双电离.在大椭圆率情况的次序双电离中,电子关联动量分布随椭圆率的灵敏变化显示了电子出射时间对椭圆率的强烈依赖关系.
Using classical ensemble method, we investigate the laser ellipticity dependence of double ionization (DI) of H2 molecules. The results show that DI mechanism of H2 molecules depends strongly on laser polarization. As the ellipticity increases, the DI mechanism changes from nonsequential DI to sequential DI. For sequential DI in the case of large ellipticity, the momentum distribution of the two electrons depends sensitively on ellipticity, which indicates the sensitive dependence of the release time of two electrons on ellipticity.

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电离室测氚因其不需要制样、可以在线监测而被广泛应用。在γ场中测氚时，电离室对氚敏感的同时对γ射线也很灵敏，其难点是如何补偿由于γ辐射产生的信号。采用实验测量和蒙特卡罗模拟对比研究了气体成份及压强对测氚电离室γ补偿能力的影响，分析了γ射线在充有不同成份及压强气体的单电离室中产生的电离电流，得到了测氚电离室密封室与测量室气体成份及压强差异对电离室γ补偿的影响规律。由实验结果可知，在一个标准大气压下，γ射线在不同成份及压强气体下的电离电流差异高达93％；对于底对底电离室模型，在标准大气压下，补偿室中气体成份的差异可使测量室与补偿室电离电流之差高达75％；补偿室为氩气时，气体压强的差异可使测量室与补偿室电离电流之差高达77％。
Ionization chamber for tritium measurements have been widely applied for the characteristic of on -line monitoring and no sample preparation .Gamma rays of tritium monitoring sites will affect tritium measure-ment, the difficulty of tritium measurement is how to compensate the background generated by gamma radiation . In the paper, the experimental measurements and Monte Carlo simulation method are used to study the influence of gas composition and gas pressure to gamma compensation ability of ionization chamber , and analysis of the re-lationship between ionization current of ionization chamber generated by gamma rays and gas component and pressure, and get the law of the impaction of gas component and pressure to the gamma compensation of ioniza -tion chambers.It turn out that in a standard atmospheric pressure , the ionization current of the chamber differ-ence up to 93%.For the base to base ionization chamber , the difference of ionization current between measure-ment chamber and c

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目的探讨CT电离室用60Co射线进行剂量长度乘积刻度的方法。方法 PTW TM30009 CT电离室放在T40017头部模体中心插孔中,用20 cm×20 cm 60Co射线照射60 s,用UNIDOS剂量仪测量电荷量。相同条件下TM30013 0.6 mL电离室测量吸收剂量。CT电离室的刻度因子用剂量长度乘积表示。同时测量CT电离室在MV级辐射场中的剂量线性和剂量响应均匀性。结果 CT电离室的剂量―长度刻度因子可以从测量数据计算得到。电离室的剂量线性和剂量响应的均匀性很好。结论用60Co射线进行吸收剂量刻度后,CT电离室可以用于MVCT设备的CT剂量指数测量。
Objective To explore the dose-length product calibration method for pencil ionization chamber in cobalt beams. Methods The PTW TM30009 ionization chamber was placed into the central hole of T40017 head phantom and irradiated 60 s in 20 cm×20 cm cobalt beam. The charge was col ected with UNIDOS electrometer. Absorbed doses were measured with TM30013 0.6 mL farmer-type chamber under the same condition. The CT chamber calibration factor was expressed in dose-length product. Dose linearity and spatial response were also investigated. Results The calibration factor in dose-length product was derived from measured data. Dose linearity and spatial response were good in cobalt beams. Conclusion It is feasible to calibrate the CT chamber in cobalt beams for patient dose evaluation in MVCT.

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为了实现凸度仪对热轧板带材的在线凸度检测功能,研制能快速响应的高压充气电离室探测器是一项关键工作。通过可靠的方法估算电离室的响应时间可以为凸度仪电离室的研制提供指导,降低研发成本。论文提出一种基于范式方程修正的估算方法,估算出了凸度仪电离室的响应时间。分析结果表明,该方法能够有效地估算电离室的响应时间,对凸度仪电离室探测器的研制具有参考意义。
In order to achieve online detection of the crown of hot-rolled steel strips, it''s a critical job to devel-op high gas-pressurized ionization chamber detectors which can response rapidly.Estimating the response time of ionization chamber in profile gauge by reliable methods can direct its development and reduce the cost.This paper proposed a estimation method based on Van der Waals equation correction, by which the response time of ionization chamber in profile gauge was estimated.Analysis results indicated that this method can effectively es-timate the response time of ionization chamber, which had reference significance to the development of ioniza-tion chamber detectors in profile gauge.

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凸度仪对探测器响应时间有很高的要求,对于高压充气电离室探测器,电离室内电场分布是决定其响应时间的一个重要因素。本文通过有限元电场模拟软件ElecNet对凸度仪电离室内部的电场分布进行了仿真,根据仿真结果从理论上分析了高压充气电离室电场分布对其输出波形信号的影响,解释了出现"拖尾"现象的机理,为凸度仪电离室的设计和改进提供了指导。
There are high requirements to the time response of detector in profile gauge . For the high gas-pressurized ionization chamber detector ,the electric field distribution in chamber is one of the important factors to determine its response time .The electric field distribution in the ionization chamber was simulated using the electric field simula-tion software ElecNet which was based on finite element analysis methods .Influence of the electric field distribution in ionization chamber on its output waveform signal was analyzed typically ,the mechanism of trailing signal was also explained according to the simulation results .The research results provid guidance for the design and improvement of ionization chamber in profile gauge .

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为了测量特定实验条件下狭小空间内中子注量率分布,研制了小型平板浓缩铀裂变电离室,该裂变室具有体积小、结构材料少等优点。论文叙述了裂变电离室的结构和制作工艺,通过测量自发衰变α粒子谱、裂变碎片谱对裂变电离室的性能进行了测试和评定,并标定了裂变电离室测量裂变碎片的探测效率。从指标上看,裂变电离室能达到设计要求和目的,可用于中子注量率的测量。
To accurately measure neutron flux at several positions of small space inside assemblies in integral neutron experiments ,a micro plate fission chamber was designed and fabricated .Smaller volume and less struc-ture material were taken into consideration in the development of the detector .In this paper , the structure of fission chamber and process of fabrication were introduced and performance were tested and evaluated by meas -uring alpha spectrum from self -decay and fission spectrum .The detection efficiency of the detector was cali-brated and it is 91 .7%.The performance test results indicate that , the fission chamber has achieved the aimed parameter and goal , can be used in measurement of neutron flux .

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分析了气体开关阴极表面初始电子的产生机制及其影响因素，给出开关电场是决定发射电流密度的关键因素。根据汤逊碰撞理论，讨论了开关电场、气压和温度对汤逊第一电离系数的影响。在温度和气压保持不变时，汤逊第一电离系数随开关电场的增大而增大。实验研究了开关输出脉冲前沿及其主要影响因素，研究结果表明，随着开关气压的增高，击穿电场增大，汤逊第一电离系数减小，输出脉冲前沿也减小；提高开关的击穿电场，是加速气体电离过程、陡化输出脉冲前沿的有效途径；在高电场条件下，碰撞电离已经不是气体电离的主要形式。
By analysing the mechanism and influential factors of initial electrons generated on gas switch cathode surface , we point out that the gas switch?s electric field strength is a key factor affecting the field emission current density . According to the collision ionization theo-ry , the influence of the electric field strength , pressure , and temperature on Townsend?s first ionization coefficient has been analyzed . While the pressure and temperature are retained constant , Townsend?s first ionization coefficient increases with the increase of the electric field strength . Experimental researches on the gas switch?s output pulse front and its main influential factors show that by increasing the pressure and the breakdow n electric field strength , Townsend?s first ionization coefficient increases , the gas ionization process is ac-celerated , and the output pulse edge will be reduced , so that increasing the breakdown elec-tric field strength is an effective way to steep the forefront

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大气压光电离离子源(APPI)是一种新兴的用于液质联用的软电离离子源,它是利用光化学作用将气相中样品电离的离子化技术,该技术促进了质谱技术对弱极性化合物的分析检测。介绍了液相色谱–质谱/质谱联用技术中大气压光电离的基本原理、应用优点,综述了其在定性、定量分析检测中的应用。
Atmospheric pressure photoionization ion source (APPI) was a new kind of soft ionization ion source applied in LC–MS/MS,which ionized the gas phase sample by photochemical effect. The analysis of weak polar compound by mass spectrometry was promoted by APPI. The basic principle and application advantages of atmospheric pressure photoionization which applied in the LC–MS/MS technology was introduced. Its application in the qualitative and quantitative detection and analysis were summarized.

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为了改进模具放电加工中电离气雾直接排放污染环境的不足,研发气雾净化机罩。分析电离气雾的扩散机理,研究电离气雾收集、净化、排放全过程的方法,设计可以进行柔性调节以适应不同扩散条件的局部封闭式主轴机罩装置。仿真和实验表明,设计的机罩可以有效收集和净化排出的电离气雾,改善操作环境,提高加工过程的环保性。
in mould electro-discharge machining (E. D. M.), the aerosol purification hood has been developed. This paper analyzes the diffusion mechanism of ionization aerosol and studies the methods of aerosol collection, purification and discharging. A partly closed main axis hood has been designed with soft adjustment to adapt to different diffusion conditions. The simultation and experiment results show that the hood can effectively col-lect and purify the ionization aerosol exhaust, improve the operating environment, and enhance the environ-mental protection in process.

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