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双语推荐：疼痛

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背景 术后急性疼痛管理仍然不尽人意,如何防治急性疼痛转化为慢性疼痛仍然是临床亟待解决的问题. 目的 阐述术后急性疼痛转化为慢性疼痛的研究进展,为术后疼痛管理以减少慢性疼痛的发生提供参考. 内容 就急性疼痛转化为慢性疼痛的可能性等方面作一综述. 趋向 进一步研究术后急性疼痛转化为慢性疼痛的机制,以明确有效的预防急性疼痛慢性化的方法.
Background Acute postoperative pain management is still unsatisfactory,how to prevent the acute pain changing into chronic pain remains to be a clinical problem to solved.Objective To discuss the advanced progress of how does the acute pain changed into chronic pain for the rational use of drugs in postoperative pain management,and reduce the incidence of chronic pain.Content Mechanisms,contributing factors,treatment and prevention methods are discussed and updated in this review.Trend Further research into the mechanisms of acute postoperative pain changed into chronic pain must being carry out in order to find a clear and effective method to prevention of acute postoperative pain changed into chronic pain.

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目的 探讨疼痛教育项目对癌症患者疼痛强度和信念的影响.方法 将119例癌症疼痛患者按照入住的病房不同分为对照组61例和实验组58例,对照组患者接受病房护士常规健康教育,实验组患者接受常规护理以及研究者实施的癌症疼痛教育项目.比较2组患者的疼痛强度及疼痛信念.结果 实施疼痛教育项目后,2组患者的疼痛强度均有所下降,实验组的疼痛信念评分优于对照组.结论 通过疼痛教育项目,癌症疼痛患者可以获得疼痛相关知识以及改变其疼痛信念,更好地管理癌症疼痛.
Objective To explore the pain education program on the pain intensity and beliefs of patients with cancer pain.Methods 119 patients with cancer pain were divided into the control group (61 cases) and the experimental group (58 cases) according to the patients’ room number.The control group was given general health education by the ward nurses,while the experimental group was given pain education program by research nurses.The pain intensity and beliefs of two groups were compared.Results After the implementation of pain education program,pain scores were significantly reduced in both groups,and the pain beliefs scores were significantly promoted compared with the control group.Conclusions Pain education program for cancer pain patients can improve effect of cancer pain management.

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疼痛评估是做好患者疼痛管理的第一步。本文综述了重症监护病房语言交流障碍患者5个疼痛评估量表的研究与应用,包括疼痛行为量表、疼痛干预计数法、成人非语言疼痛量表、非语言疼痛评估量表及重症监护疼痛观察量表;介绍了疼痛评估生理指标的意义,为我国医护工作者科学地评估该类患者的疼痛程度提供参考。
Pain assessment is the ifrst step in the management of patients with pain. In this article we reviewed research and application of ifve pain assessment scales, including Behavioral Pain Scale, Pain Algorithm Intervention Notation, Adult Nonverbal Pain Scale, Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool and Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool, and revealed the signiifcance of physiological indexes for pain evaluation. It will provide references for health care workers to scientiifcally evaluate pain of these patients.

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通过全程疼痛教育,提高创伤骨科患者的疼痛管理水平。方法:从患者入院时开始,根据患者致伤、手术情况、患者对疼痛的认知情况,进行有针对性、有计划的疼痛教育。结果:及时纠正了患者在对疼痛认知方面的误区,及时正确地对患者进行疼痛评估,患者能够选择合适的时机及时报告疼痛,及时缓解患者的疼痛,有效避免疼痛造成的诸多危害。结论:全程疼痛教育对于创伤骨科患者的疼痛管理是必不可少的。
Objective:To improve orthopedic trauma patients'' pain management level through whole course pain management education. Methods:From admission to discharge, according to patients'' trauma, operation, patients'' perception of pain, whole-course pain management education was given. Results:Patients'' bias in perception of pain was corrected, pain assessment was done to help patients report their pain properly and treat it so as to avoid the harm. Conclusion:Whole course pain management education was essential to orthopedic trauma patients.

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目的：了解创伤骨科患者术后疼痛管理满意度状况，分析疼痛管理满意度的影响因素。方法便利抽取56例患者于出院前3d采用“患者对术后疼痛管理的满意度问卷”修订版进行问卷调查。患者疼痛程度评分采用“简易疼痛评估尺”0～10级计量制评分。结果患者围手术期疼痛评分＜5分；患者对疼痛管理的满意度＞4分；影响疼痛管理满意度的主要因素是疼痛评分、镇痛剂的按时应用、疼痛教育、年龄、过去对疼痛的体验。结论创伤骨科患者对术后疼痛管理较为满意；手术后患者疼痛管理满意度受多方面影响。建议针对创伤骨科患者的疼痛特点制定个体化对策，同时实施医生－护理－病患模式的疼痛管理模式，有利于提高创伤骨科患者疼痛管理的满意度。
Objective knowingthesatisfactiononpaincontrolbytraumaorthopedicpostoperativepatientsanddiscussingthefactorsofinflu-encingpainsandcontrollingsatisfaction.Methods conductingconvenientsamplesurveyonthepatientsbyadoptingarevisededitionof‘sat-isfaction questionnaire on pain management postoperation by the patient’in a three-dimensional manner before the patient leaves hospital, and 56 patients are surveyed.The pain degrees of the patients are graded by adopting a 1 -1 0 level metering system,namely ‘a simple pain assessment ruler’.The surveyed data are subjected to descriptive analysis,unitivariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis by a-doptingaSPSS11.0softwarepackage.Results thepainduringtheoperationgradedbythepatientislessthan5points;thesatisfactionon the pain management by the patient is larger than 4 points;variance analysis results display that the factors influence the pain control satisfac-tion are that:pain grading,on-time pain-killer taking,pain educati

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目的观察疼痛干预在口腔颌面部手术术后镇痛效果,探讨不同手术方式术后疼痛程度。方法对93例口腔科手术患者按照不同的手术切口类型分组后,进行术后36内疼痛的调查及使用镇痛药物治疗效果的记录。结果口内切口组以中度疼痛为主,颌面颈部切口组以轻度疼痛为主,口内外交通切口组以中度疼痛为主,皮瓣移植多切口组以重度疼痛为主。给予干预后,中度疼痛的患者疼痛基本都能缓解至轻度疼痛,重度疼痛下降至中度疼痛和轻度疼痛。结论不同手术方式术后给予奥尔芬镇痛,镇痛效果显著。
Objective To observe the postoperative analgesia effect of pain intervention for oral and maxillofacial surgery and dis-cuss the degree of postoperative pain of different operation modes. Methods 93 patients underwent stomatological surgery were di-vided into four groups according to the operation incision of different types. And the pain within 36 hours after operation of the patients was investigated; the analgesia effect of the analgesic drugs used by the patients was recorded. Results Intraoral incision group mainly had moderate pain, maxillofacial and neck incision group mainly had mild pain, mouth inside and outside traffic in-cision group mostly had moderate pain, and skin flap transplantation multi-incision group primarily had severe pain. After the in-tervention, the moderate pain could decline to mild pain basically, and severe pain could decrease to moderate pain and mild pain. Conclusion The postoperative analgesic effect of olfen is remarkable for patients with s

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探讨个案管理实践对改善肺癌患者疼痛症状的效果。方法:将92例肺癌疼痛患者按不同病区分为实验组(48例)和对照组(44例),实验组接受疼痛个案管理,对照组接受疼痛常规护理。分别于住院首日及第7日对两组患者进行疼痛强度、焦虑程度、疼痛影响评定及疼痛控制满意度评价。结果:实验组患者疼痛强度、疼痛控制满意度、焦虑程度及疼痛影响评定均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:实施个案管理能够改善肺癌疼痛患者的疼痛相关症状及焦虑程度,应针对肺癌疼痛患者积极地开展个案管理。
Objective: To explore the effect of case management on pain system among lung cancer patients. Methods:Ninety-two lung cancer patients were recruited and divided into an experimental group (n=48) and a control group (n=44) according to their wards. The patients in the experimental group attended case management program, while the control group received routine care. Pain was measured repeatedly on the ifrst day and the seven day. Results: The pain degree, pain control satisfaction, anxiety and pain impact among patients in the experimental group were signiifcantly better than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The case management program could improve pain symptom among lung cancer patients.

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本文通过查阅文献，了解国外先进疼痛管理指南及疼痛管理质量评价体系，总结了疼痛护理质量管理评价体系的研究进展。为我国建立规范的疼痛护理质量评价体系，完善疼痛护理相关制度，培养疼痛护理专业人才，促进最佳疼痛护理实践提供参考。
Through literature, we learn foreign advanced pain management guidelines and pain management quality evaluation system, summarized the research progress on nursing quality management of pain assessment system. This paper provide reference for establishing the quality of pain care standard evaluation system, for improving the relevant system of pain nursing, pain nursing professional personnel training, for promoting optimal pain nursing practice.

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目的：探讨肿瘤患者疼痛护理的方法。方法随机选取我院2011年1月~10月共收治肿瘤患者70例，采取护理干预措施前后对比。结果70例患者实施疼痛护理前后对比450例次，护理前，患者轻度疼痛65例，中度疼痛165例，重度疼痛220例；采取护理干预措施后，无疼痛90例，轻度疼痛231例，中度疼痛109例，重度疼痛20例。结论合理的止痛治疗配合护理干预，缓解疼痛，减轻患者的痛苦。
Objective To investigate the method of nursing care of pain in patients with tumors. Methods Randomly selected in our hospital from 2011 January to 2011 October were treated 70 patients with tumor, take a comparison between before and after the nursing intervention measures. Results 70 patients were compared before and after implementation of pain nursing in 450 cases, nursing, patients with mild pain in 65 cases, 165 had moderate pain, severe pain in 220 cases;nursing intervention measures, no pain in 90 cases, slight pain in 231 cases, 109 had moderate pain, severe pain in 20 cases. Conclusion Reasonable analgesic therapy combined with nursing intervention, relieve pain, relieve the pain of patients.

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目的 了解我国三级医院的术后疼痛管理质量现状及美国疼痛学会推荐的急性疼痛管理质量评价体系在我国的适用情况.方法 应用美国疼痛学会推荐的评价体系,通过问卷调查和查阅病历,对我国5所三级医院的术后疼痛管理质量现状进行分析.结果 被调查医院在记录疼痛状况、应用工具记录疼痛强度、采取恰当的镇痛疗法、应用非药物镇痛措施和疼痛管理结果上存在不足之处;急性疼痛服务组和无急性疼痛服务组在疼痛管理质量上存在差异,两组活动、情绪和睡眠受疼痛影响程度分别为3.12±2.82和5.16±2.07(P＜0.05).结论 我国三级医院在术后疼痛管理过程和结果两方面均存在不足之处;已开展急性疼痛服务的医院在术后疼痛管理质量上优于未开展急性疼痛服务的医院.美国疼痛学会推荐的评价体系科学、灵敏,实用性和可操作性强,适用性广,适用于我国医院急性疼痛管理质量的评价.
Objective To learn the present pain management quality at tertiary hospitals in China and the application of the quality evaluation system for acute pain management quality recommended by American Pain Society.Methods Analyzing the present pain management at five tertiary hospitals in China by using the evaluation system recommended by American Pain Society,questionnaires and medical records reading.Results The hospitals were found with setbacks in describing pains,recording pains with tools,using the right pain controls,using non-drug pain control measures and pain management outcomes; differences were found between the acute pain service group and non-acute pain service group in pain management quality,as the pain impacts of both groups on activities,emotion and sleep were 3.12±2.82 and 5.16±2.07 (P＜0.05) respectively.Conclusion Setbacks exist in both the process and outcomes of post-surgery pain management at these hospitals; those with acute pain service management are

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