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双语推荐：直井

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针对特低渗透油藏特点，以某实际油藏为基础，进行了合理压裂水平井直井联合井网形式研究；运用典型地质模型和数值模拟方法，采用局部网格非均匀加密和等连通系数法对裂缝网格进行了处理；综合对比分析了压裂直井注水-压裂水平井采油、压裂水平井注水-压裂直井采油、水平井注水-压裂水平井采油、直井注水-水平井采油、直井注水-直井采油、压裂直井注水-压裂直井采油等6种井网在不同井距排距的开发效果，优选合理井网形式。研究结果表明，该特低渗透油藏开发合理井距排距为200 m ×160 m ，应用压裂直井注水-压裂水平井采油井网可以取得较好的开发效果。
The rational well pattern for fracture horizontal and vertical wells in ultra-low per-meability reservoir has been studied by using typical geologic model and numerical simulation methods for a certain oilfield .Using non-uniform encryption local grid and the same connec-tivity method for fracture grid processing .Compare and analyze the development effect of six well patterns ,fractured vertical injector and fractured horizontal producer pattern ,fractured horizontal injector and fractured vertical producer pattern ,horizontal injector and fractured horizontal producer pattern ,vertical injector and horizontal producer pattern ,vertical injector and vertical producer pattern ,fractured vertical injector and fractured vertical producer pat-tern ,at different well interval and array spacing ,to choose the rational well pattern .The re-sults show that the rational well interval and array spacing is 200 m × 160 m and the rational well pattern which could receive a anticipated d

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V型水平井是近年来发展起来的一种开发煤层气的新型井型，由2口水平井和1口直井组成，两口水平井分别与直井在远端穿针对接，水平井用于提供泄流通道，直井用于排水采气。实施V型水平井的关键技术是远端对接工艺，特别是在低渗透储层实施V型水平井需要采用套管完井，其对接工艺和控制精度要求更高。在分析实施V型水平井存在的多井远端穿针对接、井眼轨迹精确计算与控制等主要技术难点的基础上，论述了远端错位穿针对接、轨迹精确计算与控制等关键技术。介绍了中石化第一个V型水平井组延5-V1井组的先导试验情况。
V shape horizontal well, a new well type developed in recent years, is composed of two horizontal wells and one vertical well. These two horizontal wells joint with the vertical well at the distal end and act as discharge channels, while the vertical is used for drainage and gas production. The key technology of V shape horizontal wells is distal end joint technology. Especially in the low permeability reservoir, V shape horizontal wells need cased hole completion with higher joint process demanding and higher control accuracy. Based on the main technical difficulties of multi-well joint and precise well trace calculation and control, the key technol-ogies such as distal dislocated joint and precise trace calculation and control were discussed. This paper introduced the pilot tracey situation of the first Sinopec V shape horizontal well group--Yan 5-V1 well group.

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针对水平井冲砂难度大、风险大、水平段管柱砂卡难以打捞的观点,分析了砂在水平井段与直井段所处的不同形态,阐述了砂在井筒内所处的空间形态、受力状态。通过水平段砂卡管柱处理实例,得出了水平段砂卡管柱处理难度低于直井砂卡的认识以及水平段冲砂技术风险小于直井砂卡风险的观点。提出了新的水平井段冲砂、解卡作业思维方式,使该技术更加简单化,提高了施工效率,降低了修井成本。
Aiming at the issues of high dififcult, great risk of sand washing and not easy to treat sand setting in horizontal well sec-tion, the different morphologies of sand in horizontal well section and in vertical well section have been analyzed in this paper, and then the space form and stress state of sand in wellbore were illustrated in detail. Through the example of sand setting string processing in horizontal well section, we ifgured out that the sanding-in processing in horizontal well section is less dififcult than that in vertical well section, and the risk of sand washing in horizontal well section is also lower than that of vertical section. Based on this, new sand wash-ing and releasing stuck method was proposed, making the operation easier. The novel method not only greatly enhances the operation efifciency but also reduces the cost of well repairing.

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大斜度井和水平井的测井解释和地层评价的方法和模型主要是针对直井，与实际情况有很大的偏差。在随钻电磁波测井中，层厚和井斜的影响从来都是联系在一起的。通过傅里叶一汉克尔变换法得到斜井中的电磁波电阻率测井响应，模拟分析了不同井斜条件下层厚对电磁波测井响应的影响。结果表明，随钻电磁波电阻率受围岩影响：曲线探测深度越大，围岩影响越严重。深相位电阻率在大斜度井低阻围岩情况下，层厚校正模板中校正电阻率值不再随层厚增加单调递减；当层厚较小时，视电阻率在大斜度井中的校正值小于直井中的校正值；随着层厚的增大，大斜度井中的校正值大于直井中的校正值。这些结论可以有效指导大斜度井环境下随钻电磁波电阻率测井资料的解释。
The method and model used in the logging interpretation and formation evaluation of highly-deviated and horizontal wells are mainly based on vertical wells,which is not applicable to the actual conditions. The effect of bed thickness and well deviation is always connected with electromagnetic wave while drilling resistivity logging. The instrument response was obtained through fast Fourier-Hankel transform(FFHT)algorithm,and the influence of bed thickness was also analyzed with different borehole angles. The results show that the shoulder effect on electromagnetic wave while-drilling logging curves is different:the deeper the investigation goes,the more serious the shoulder effect is. The corrected deep phase resistivity does not monotonously decrease with the increase of bed thickness in highly deviated wells with low resistivity shoulder. The corrected resistivity is less in highly-deviated wells than in vertical wells when the bed thickness is small,and with the increase of bed thic

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塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层非均质性极强、连续性差，油气水分布异常复杂。单纯地使用直井进行开发效果并不理想，需采用与水平井相结合的部署方法。根据水平井与直井经济效益对比评价，总结出四种适合采用水平井开发的碳酸盐岩油气藏类型：多缝洞单元油气藏、薄层油气藏、边底水油气藏、孔洞型油气藏。通过对这些类型的水平井产能进行分析研究，认为储层的发育特征是基础，水平井轨迹设计是沟通油气的关键因素，采油工艺则是高产油气流的保证。综合考虑上述因素的影响，对塔中碳酸盐岩油气藏采用直井与水平井相结合的布井方法能够更加经济、高效地进行开发。
For Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong area, the heterogeneity is high and the continuity is poor. Distributions of oil, gas and water are extremely complex. Therefore, simply using vertical wells to develop is not ideal. It is necessary to combine deployment meth-od with horizontal wells. According to economic benefits comparison of horizontal wells and vertical wells, this paper summarized four suit-able types for horizontal wells development of carbonate reservoirs:multi-fracture-cavity unit reservoirs, thin bed reservoirs, edge-bottom water reservoirs and vuggy reservoirs. By analyzing the deliverability of these horizontal wells, results suggested that the developmental char-acteristic of reservoir was the base, the trajectory design of horizontal well was the key factor for the migration of oil and gas,and the petro-leum engineering is the guarantee of high capacity oil-gas stream. Considering the influence factors above, carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong area can be more e

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鄂尔多斯盆地具有丰富的超低渗透油藏资源,开发潜力巨大,但由于其储层物性差、非均质性强等特点,直井大幅度提高单井产量难度较大。针对超低渗致密储层特点,以建立有效驱替压力系统为目标,利用矿场实践、油藏工程和数值模拟综合方法对水平井井排方向、井网形式、水平段长度、裂缝参数组合型式和注采井距参数等方面进行了研究,研究结果表明:以直井与水平井联合布井的交错排状七点井网布井方式、哑铃型布缝、人工压裂缝密度2条/(100 m)、水平段长度在700～800 m、注采井距700～800 m、排距150 m时,超低渗透致密油藏水平井初期平均单井产量约为8.0 t/d,达到直井平均单井产量的4倍左右,研究成果可以指导超低渗透致密油藏的经济、高效开发。
There is abundant petro-resources with great development potential in the ultra-low permeable reservoirs located in Ordos Basin;however,it is difficult to increase the production rate of single well drastically as the formation is of poor reservoir properties and strong heterogeneity. According to the characteristics of ultra-low permeable formation,the study is carried out focusing on horizontal well pattern,well drainage direction,parameters of horizontal section and producer-injector spacing,to establish the effective displacement pressure system. According to the studies,the research results show that the well pattern is the crisscross row pattern,which is the joint cloth well for the horizontal and vertical wells;the artificial pressure crack pattern is the dumbbell-shaped;the density of artificial fracture is 2/(100 m);the length of horizontal section ranges from 700 to 800 m;the producer-injector spacing ranges from 700 to 800 m;the row spacing is about 150 m. Based on the resea

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浅层油砂蒸汽辅助重力泄油(Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage,简称SAGD)开发,在斜直井钻井工艺上存在不少挑战,例如下套管井口同心、斜直井井眼清洁、斜直井固井质量以及井眼轨道控制等问题。通过对麦肯河区块钻井井身结构、井眼轨道控制、钻井方式和固井工艺的研究,提出并成功实施了表层以40~45°角度一开、二开造斜至水平段20~30 m下特殊热采套管、三开直接钻水平段至段长850 m下割缝尾管悬挂完井的井身结构。采用随钻电磁传导测量探头(EM)与随钻泥浆脉冲传导测量探头(Mud Pulse)的双探头组合,并结合不同的随钻测井仪来减小井眼轨迹测量与控制的系统误差。完善了热采井固井水泥配方和固井措施,保障固井质量合格率100%。这一系列研究成果的应用,对降低SAGD钻井成本、加快油砂开发具有积极意义。
There are lots of challenges in drilling inclined SAGD wells in shallow zone, such as casing alignment, well bore clean-ess, cementing quality, well trajectory control etc. This paper covers well proifle design, well trajectory survey and control, cementing technology and batch drilling in Macky River. EM MWD sensor and mud pulse MWD sensor and different LWD devices are used to lower the error between well trajectory measurement and control system. The slurry formula and cementing measures for thermal recov-ery wells have been improved, which ensures the 100%conformity of cementing quality. Application of the series of research results has made great contribution to the reduction of SAGD drilling cost and fast development of the heavy oil sand.

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丛式定向井直井段钻进过程中极易发生井眼交碰事故。以桩148-斜6井为例，从直井段井眼交碰事故发生的经过、事故原因分析及采取的技术措施等方面论述了该井井眼交碰事故处理的全过程，并介绍了从事故中得到的有益启示。该井交碰事故的成功处理，不仅挽救了2口近海油气井，也对今后该类事故的解决提供了重要借鉴。事故处理过程中得到的启示为今后该问题的解决指出了研究方向。
Collision accidents during the process of vertical well section drilling can be easily produced in cluster directional wells. Taking Z148-X 6 well as an example, the whole handling process of wellbore collision accidents are discussed form the aspects of how the accident happened, the reason and the technical measures of the accident, et al. lots of beneifcial revelations have been gained from the accident. The successful treatment of this wellbore collision accident not only save the life of two offshore oil and gas wells, but also provides important reference for solving the kind of accident. The experience of handling this accident points out the study direction to solve the problem for the future.

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针对小岩心不能模拟注采井网驱替实验、填砂模型不能模拟低渗透储层和高压驱替实验的问题，研制了一套能在高温高压下进行不同渗透率储层多层组合的岩心、多口直井和水平井组成的注采井网、大尺度三维物理模型驱替实验装置，能进行不同驱替介质和吞吐实验研究。利用该实验装置开展了纵向三层组合的正韵律和反韵律模型、平面5个渗透带的五点注采井网模型、以及直井和水平井组成的十三点注采井网模型在高温高压下的水驱和聚合物驱油实验研究，得到了平面和纵向非均质性对水驱油效果的影响程度、直井和水平井的水驱油效果以及聚合物驱油效果。通过该装置模拟实验可为油田注采井网调整和注入开发方式调整提供技术指导。
In view of the difficulty of displacement simulation of injection-production pattern in small core sample and the difficulty of displacement simulation of low-permeability reservoir under high pressure in sand-packed model, a new experiment device for 3d physical simulation has been proposed. It deals with cores of different per-meability and injection-production pattern of horizontal and straight wells. Water flooding and polymer flooding ex-periments have been made under high pressure and temperature. Positive-rhythm and counter-rhythm models com-bined of 3 vertical layers, 5-spots injection-production pattern of 5 horizontal permeability zones, as well as 13-spots injection-production pattern of straight and horizontal wells have been studied. The influence of horizontal and vertical heterogeneity on oil/water displacement, the effect of straight and horizontal wells on oil/water dis-placement, as well as the effect of polymer flooding have been concluded. Experiment with this devic

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茨9区油藏为发育边水的中孔中高渗油藏,利用直井开发的弊端日益凸现,水平井开发可行性研究的论证认为,该区油藏部署水平井开发优势明显。在剩余油分布规律的基础上利用数值模拟的方法对茨9区进行水平井开发方案设计,确定了水平井开发的目的层位、水平井段方向以及长度,并利用数值模拟对开发方案进行结果预测,结果表明水平井开发从累积产油量以及含水上升情况等方面都远优于直井开发,综上为茨9区的进一步开发提出新的方向。
Reservoir of Ci 9 Block is a reservoir of secondary porosity and high permeability with edge water, the disadvantages of vertical well development appear more and more.Feasibility demonstrations of horizontal well development come to a conclusion that advantage is obvious of horizontal well development in this block.On the basis of remaining oil distribution regularity,development programs of horizontal well has been done by using the method of numerical simulation. The key targe layers,direction and length of horizontal section were identified and predicted the results.It turned out that horizontal well development is far better than vertical well development from the cumulative oil production and water cut rising. These provide a new direction for further development Ci 9 Block.

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