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双语推荐：短波通信

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短波全球通信系统HFGCS，是高度自动化短波通信系统，为美国空军全球作战飞机部署和战略任务提供通信链路。这里首先介绍了HFGCS基本情况，然后分析了IP路由、短波台站控制信令和通信数据IP承载、短波无线IP协议、短波端到端保密互通等HFGCS具有特点的技术，最后给出了对中国短波通信网络发展的启示，建议加强短波台站收发信台资源统一调度、短波通信无线IP协议、短波通信信息分发、短波端到端保密通信等技术应用研究，各个层次都使用IP技术体制，保持短波通信网发展的可持续性。
HFGCS (High Frequency Global Communications System) is a highly-automated, HF communication system and links US Air Force C2 (command and control) functions with globally-deployed strategic & tactical airborne platforms. This paper describes the basic situation of HFGCS, and analyzes the IP routing, HF station control signaling and communication data IP bearing, HF wireless IP protocol, end-to-end secure interoperability protocol and other technical characteristics of HFGCS, amd finally it gives the enlightenment for high-frequency communication network development in China, proposes some suggestions in strengthening the research of unified scheduling of HF station transceiver station resource, HF communication wireless IP protocol, HF communication information distribution, HF end-to-end secure communication interoperability technology, and each level should use IP technology, maintain the sustainability of HF communication development.

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分析了短波通信盲区由于短波地波传播距离有限,而短波天波一跳传播距离较远的形成机理,针对盲区形成机理分析了解决短波通信盲区的方法即扩大地波传播距离与缩短天波一跳传播距离。介绍了一种解决短波通信盲区的近垂直入射天波（NVIS）技术,并通过对NVIS通信的覆盖距离、通信频段、传播损耗的计算分析,总结了NVIS通信距离覆盖范围有限、通信频段低、信号覆盖均匀的特点。在此基础上,通过作者参与的实际项目试验验证了短波NVIS通信的可靠性及通信质量,最后分析了短波NVIS通信在＂山中通＂、＂动中通＂和＂大区域组网＂方面应用的可行性。
This paper analyzes the shortwave communication blind area caused by limited wave propagation distance, and the formation mechanism of HF hop-propagation distance. According to the formation mech-anism of the blind area, a solution for HF communication blind area is proposed, namely, to extend the ground-wave propagation distance while shorten the sky-wave propagation distance of a jump. A solution for short-wave communication blind area called near vertical incidence sky wave ( NVIS) technology is al-so described. Through calculation and analysis of NVIS communication coverage distance, communication frequency, and propagation loss, the characteristics of NVIS communication are summarized, including limited distance coverage, low communication frequency band, and balanced signal coverage. On this ba-sis, the reliability and quality of short-wave NVIS communication is verified in the test of practical pro-ject, and finally the feasibility of short-wave NVIS communication in“

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随着短波通信技术的不断发展,世界各地出现了很多新型短波天线。部分新型短波天线凭借其高仰角发射电磁波达到了覆盖短波通信"盲区"的特点,受到很多短波通信用户的青睐。但在实际通信中,即便使用这类新型的短波天线,仍存在不确定位置两点之间难以进行通信的情况发生。针对这种情况,参考相关资料,并结合工作经验,提出了基于多天线如何与不确定位置点进行短波通信的方法,此方法可以提高与不确定位置点的短波通信质量。
As the short-wave communication technology development,there have been many new type shortwave antennas around the world. The parts of new type short wave antenna by virtue of its higher elevation emit electromagnetic wave characteristics of overwriting the shortwave dead zone and is favored by many short-wave communication users. But in the actual communication,even with this new shot wave antennas, there is still uncertainty difficult to communication between some uncertain location points to happen. To the question,through the analysis of relevant information,and combing author’s work experience,this paper proposes a method which can communicate with the point of uncertain position of short wave communication based on multiple antenna. This method can improve the quality of short wave communication,which can communicate with the point of uncertain position.

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短波通信接收机由于具有低成本、高可靠性等优点而受到广泛重视。本文提出一种基于FPGA的短波通信接收机,该接收机利用FPGA的灵活性和实时性,可在统一硬件平台上实现多信道大容量、低成本短波通信。本文提出的接收机为未来短波通信的发展提出一种新的可行的技术方案。
Shortwave communication receiver has been widely used because of low cost and high reliability. This paper proposed a shortwave communication receiver based on FPGA, which can implement multi -channel low cost and high -capacity shortwave communication in the unified hardware platform, using the flexibility and effectiveness of FPGA chip. The receiver proposed in this paper proposes a new feasible technical scheme for future development of the shortwave communication.

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短波天馈线系统是短波通信系统中的重要组成部分,天线的效率直接关系到短波通信的质量,在实际开展短波通信时,加强对短波天线的工程应用研究和优化改进,才能充分发挥短波通信的总体效能。通过对鞭状天线较为全面的性能分析,从提高鞭状天线辐射效率的角度出发,分别在加顶负载、加电感线圈、埋设地线或地网等几个方面给出性能优化的具体实现方法,切实有效地改善了短波通信（话音、数据）传输性能。
HF Antenna is an important part of HF communication system, its efficiency is directly related to the quality of HF communication. Only to strengthen the research and application of engineering and opti-mization of the HF antenna could give full play to the overall efficiency of HF communication. With the comprehensive analysis of whip antenna performance, this paper describes specific implementation of top load, radiation network and Balance net erection, etc. , from the perspective of improving the whip anten-na radiation efficiency, thus to improve transmission performance of HF communications ( voice, data) ef-fectively.

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短波电离层通信的传输效率受电离层影响较大,因此有必要对其进行通信链路估计。对短波电离层通信的传播途径进行了论述,分析了影响短波通信链路可靠度的主要因素,建立了短波链路预算估计模型,并利用极大似然估计方法对接收端信噪比进行了估计。仿真结果验证了估计方法的准确性。
The transmission efficiency of high-frequency ( HF) ionosphere communication is greatly affected by the ionosphere,so it is necessary to estimate the link in the receiver.The route of transmission for HF ionosphere communication is analyzed in detail,the main factors which affect the reliability of HF communication link discussed,and the estimation model for HF link is set up.The signal-to-noise in the receiving end is estimated by using a most-likely estimation method.The simulation results prove the correctness of theo-retical analysis.

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短波通信是实现超视距军事通信的重要手段之一,现代信息化社会对短波高速通信的需求日益增强,研究短波高速数据通信系统具有重要的现实意义。适当扩展信号带宽来取得更高的数据传输速率和性能是当前国内外短波通信发展的技术方向之一。对国内外短波宽带波形技术体制发展现状进行初步探讨,提出了一种综合采用各种自适应通信技术、跳频技术、扩频技术、高频谱效率的编码调制技术等宽带短波自适应跳频波形技术体制。
HF (High-Frequency) communication is one of the important meansures for non-line-of-sight military communication, and with the increasing demand of HF high speed communication, the research on HF high-speed data communication is of important practial value. The acquisition of higher data rate and performance by proper expansion of signal bandwidth is an important technical development direction of HF communication both at home and abroad. So this paper briefs first the present development situation of HF wideband waveform technical system both at home and abroad, then proposes an adaptive HF wideband frequency-hopping waveform technical system incorporated with adaptive communication, frequency-hopping, spread-spectrum, and code modulation of high spectrum efficiency, etc..

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短波组网是提高短波通信可靠性和稳定性的有效手段。文章介绍了典型的网络拓扑结构,重点研究了岸舰短波通信组网的几种主要类型,分析了其构造过程,为短波组网实际应用提供一定参考和借鉴。
HF networking is aimed to improve HF communication instability, frangibility. In this paper, the representative network topology structures are introduced, several main types of shore-ship communication network of shortwave are em-phasized studied, the paper presents its construction process. This paper provides some useful and suggestions in order to plan and construct the HF military communication.

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随着定位技术的不断发展，各种定位技术层出不穷。但这些定位技术大多以视距通信为基础。短波通信最大的优势就是超视距通信。围绕短波能够超视距通信的优点，将短波天波通信路径近似为抛物线，并以电离层虚高是精确测量值为基础，通过求解已知点与未知点之间的距离，来定位未知点的坐标。
With the continuous development of location technology,emerge in an endless stream of various positioning technology. But these location technologies based mostly on line-of-sight communications. The biggest advantage of short-wave communication is over-the-horizon communication. In this paper,focusing on features of shortwave to over-the-horizon communication,the short-wave communication path for parabolic approximation .And with the precise measurement of ionosphere virtual height is based. Through the design of a way to calculate the distance between known and unknown point, calculate the coordinates of unknown points.

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为便于海上短波通信频率数据的有效管理和使用，实现短波通信频率的优选，设计了基于电子海图的短波频率辅助决策系统。系统以电子海图显示技术为支撑，短波频率数据为核心，结合短波频率预报理论研究成果实现短波频率数据管理、短波选频辅助决策。将短波频率数据与电子海图相融合实现短波频率数据可视化以及与实际海域相结合的联合分析，系统的构建对于实现频率的优选具有实际参考价值。
In order to realize management and apllication of the sea shortwave frequency data, HF frequency prediction assistant decision-making system based on electronic chart is desinged. These functions of management of the shortwave frequency data and assistant decision-making on frequency selection are realized for this system based on the database of shortwave frequency data and electronic chart. Moreover, a viewgraph of the frequency data and its consociation analysis with the actual seas are developed. Construction of the system is valuable to shortwave frequency preferred.

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