受光学材料折射率、光学加工以及光学装校等误差因素的影响,宽视场短焦子系统和窄视场长焦子系统组成的两挡变焦光学系统的实际像面均偏离理想像面即发生像面漂移,但漂移量不同,导致两子系统产生不齐焦现象。为了解决此问题,以某型载荷中波红外两挡变焦光学系统设计为例,分析齐焦设计时定长焦调短焦和定短焦调长焦两种设计方案的优缺点。比较了定长焦调短焦3种方法,即调变倍组与补偿组、调变倍组和调补偿组的补偿量与长焦焦距变化情况,定短焦调长焦3种方法,即调变倍组与补偿组、调变倍组和调补偿组的补偿量与短焦焦距变化情况,指出定长焦调短焦、单调补偿组的齐焦设计方案为最优方案。

Switch-zoom optical system is composed of the subsystem with wide field of view and the subsystem with narrow field of view .Due to the errors from many aspects such as the re-fractive index of optical material ,the optical manufacturing and assembling ,the actual image surfaces of both subsystem deviate from their ideal image surfaces ,and the drifts are different , that is ,the two subsystems are not confocal .To solve the problem ,a variety of confocal de-sign schemes ,the selection principle and an optimal scheme w hich fixed long focus and adjus-ted short focus ,adjusted the compensating set for a mid-wave infrared (MWIR) switch-zoom optical system were given .

相位差异散斑成像综合了相位差异和散斑成像两种图像处理方法,相位差异同时采集已知相位差的离焦和在焦图像,联合恢复目标图像和解算波前相位,相位差异散斑成像是在相位差异的基础上,利用多帧短曝光图像组来解算出它们所对应的波前畸变序列,同时对图像进行恢复,每帧图像组由在焦和已知离焦量的两幅图像组成。为了实践相位差异散斑成像技术,分别在室内和室外做了相关实验,在室内利用变形镜模拟光学系统像差,利用精密位移台移动相机分时采集焦面和离焦面两幅图像,恢复后的图像分辨率提高12%;室外利用某望远镜光学系统,在其后放置分光棱镜将光束平均分给焦面和离焦面两台相机,外触发同时采集短曝光图像,对20 km外的目标成像,经过单帧和多帧图像的恢复,目标图像分辨率得到显著提高。实验结果证明:相位差异散斑成像技术可广泛应用于靶场光学设备测量和地基大口径望远镜的探测成像。

Phase-Diverse Speckle (PDS) method integrates two image restoration methods of Phase Diversity (PD) and speckle imaging. PD method collects focused image and defocused image of known phase diverse at the same time, then target image is restored and wave-front phase is calculated. PDS technique extends PD by calculating the wave-front distortion of a series of short-expose frames to restore the images. Each frame is composed of two images with one in focus and the other defocus. To validate PDS method, experiments indoor and outdoor were carried out in the paper. The deformable mirror was used to simulate optics aberration in lab, and the single CCD collected focused image and defocused image at different time by shifting accurate translation stage. The resolution of restored image increased 12% compared with origin image. Outdoor experiment was also carried out. The cube beam splitter was used to divide the beam into two ways, one for focused CCD and the other for defocused CCD, and ca

分析了过氧化尿素的漂白特点，探讨了亚麻短纤维漂白性能的影响因素．试验表明：渗透剂．IFC用量2．0～2．5g／L、焦磷酸钠用量2．5～3．0e4L、络合剂0EDTA用量3．5g/L，亚麻短纤维白度高、强力损伤低．

The characteristics of urea peroxide bleaching were analyzed and the influencing factors of short flax fiber bleaching performance were discussed. The results showed that when the penetrant JFC dos-age was 2.0~2.5 g/L, the dosage of sodium pyrophosphate was 2.5~3.0 g/L, the dosage of complexing agent EDTA was 3.5 g/L, the whiteness of short flax fiber was high and the damage to fiber strength was low.

本文基于卡塞格林系统设计了红外制冷型长焦分档变倍光学系统，计算、推导了光学初始参数及组元的光焦度分配。采用了二次成像结构形式，主物镜组采用R．C光学结构用于缩短筒长，使用投影镜组解决冷屏匹配问题，利用调焦镜实现调焦，通过切换投影镜组后组实现变倍，然后对光学系统像差进行了优化设计，分别给出了长焦系统和短焦系统不同视场的成像质量优化结果，0．8视场内光学传递函数在空间频率17lp／mm时均大于0．4。最后对主要结构进行了相应的精度分析，结果表明该设计能够很好地满足工程实际需要。

Based on the R-C system a cooled infrared swith-zoom optical system with long effective focal length is designed .The initial parameters are calculated and the components′focal power is deduced .Secondary im-aging structure is adopted , and relay lens is used to match the cold stop .Zoom is realized by switching the re-lay lens of the short focal length system and the long focal length system .The optimized design of optical sys-tem aberration is made .The optimized imaging results of the long effective focal length optical system and the short effective focal length optical system at different field of view are presented, and the modulation transfer functions within 0.8 field of view at 17 lp/mm of spatial frequency are greater than 0.4.Finally, correspond-ing precision analysis of the main structure is made and the results show that the structure is rational and the imaging quality is good .The optical system can meet actual requirement .

文章针对目前国内冰标存在的供电期短、助航效能不明显、保养维护周期短、航标作业量大等缺点,研制出新型长效灯浮标。其采用高性能锂电池和太阳能电池组合的供电系统,在原φ1.4 m冰标基础上,增大显形面积及焦面高度。长效灯浮标降低了能源维护周期,提高了助航效能,减少换标作业,降低单点标体成本,初步实现了我国北方冰冻港口灯浮标的长效化。

The-present-ice-navigation-buoy-exist-several-disadvantages,-such-as-short-term-power-supply,-inconspicuous-navi-gation-performance,-shortdated-maintenance-cycle,-large-arduous-buoy-operation-task.-In-view-of-these-disadvantages,-we-developed-a-new-type-of-long-effect-navigation-buoy-which-has-high-performance-lithium-and-solar-battery-power-in-its-power-supply-system;and-on-the-basis-of-the-original-φ1.4-meter-ice-navigation-buoy,-visualization-area-and-focal-plane-height-were-increased.-The-long-effect-navigation-buoy-reduced-energy-maintenance-cycles,-improved-the-navigation-efficiency,-lessened-arduous-buoy-operation-task-and-reduced-the-cost-of-buoy-on-single-point.-The-breach-made-sense-in-the-initial-realization-of-the-long-effect-navigation-buoy-using-in-the-frozen-port-in-northern-China.