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双语推荐：石斛

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报道2013年冬云南滇西7个县(市)人工栽培石斛寒害灾情和灾后恢复情况;调查发现,不同石斛种抗寒性有很大差异,尖刀唇石斛、报春石斛、铁皮石斛寒害率较低,抗寒性强,而晶帽石斛、兜唇石斛、齿瓣石斛寒害率较高,抗寒性明显较弱。
Investigation on chilling injury of man-made Dendrobium in winter of 2013 was conducted in seven counties or cit-ies of West Yunnan. The results showed that there is great difference of cold resistence among the cultivars, of which Dendro-bium heterocarpum Wall. ex Lindl, Dendrobium primulinum Lindl and Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo have the stron-gest ability against cold. While Dendrobium crystallinum Rchb. f., Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) C.E.C. Fisch and Dendrobi-um devonianum Paxt. are on the contrary.

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研究不同生长年限和不同部位金钗石斛中石斛碱的含量变化规律。方法:采用气相色谱内标法,测定并比较不同生长年限和不同部位金钗石斛中石斛碱的含量差异。结果:不同生长年限和不同部位金钗石斛中石斛碱的含量均有明显差异,4年生石斛中石斛碱含量高于3年生,不同部位中石斛碱含量为:茎上段茎中段茎下段。结论:通过对不同生长年限和不同部位金钗石斛主要成分含量比较分析,为确定石斛采收期及对不同部位石斛资源的合理开发利用提供了参考依据。
To determine the content of dendrobine in Dendrobium nobile from different harvest times and plant parts, to research the inherent rule about it. GC with internal standard was used to determine. The content of dendrobine had significant differences in different periods and parts. The dendrobine content is higher in four-year root than in three-year root. The dendrobine content in the upper segment of stem is the highest, secondly is in the middle seg-ment, and in the low segment is the lowest. This offered evidence to determine the most appropriate harvest time and fair use of different parts for D.nobil.

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石斛是一种常用的名贵中药材，我国石斛药材植物来源众多。石斛有效成分的研究，对有效利用石斛资源具有重要意义。文中主要综述了石斛中有效成分石斛碱的组成结构、作用功效以及生物合成途径的研究进展。
Dendrobium is a commonly used herbal medicine material, which has numerous sources of medicinal plants. The research of active ingredients in Dendrobium is crucial to the effective utilization of Dendrobium resources. This paper mainly reviewed the Dendrobium in three aspects:composition, medicinal effects and biosynthetic pathways of Dendrobium base.

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采用RAPD分子标记技术,分析了金钗石斛、铁皮石斛和齿瓣石斛三种石斛属植物的种间关系。10个引物产生的113条DNA扩增片段中,106条(93.81%)具有多态性,利用113个RAPD标记,计算遗传距离,利用非加权组平均法建立聚类图。结果表明,RAPD标记技术较好地从分子水平揭示金钗石斛、铁皮石斛和齿瓣石斛三种石斛属植物的遗传背景、亲缘关系,并为后期在DNA水平上对药用石斛的开发利用提供资料。
Three species of Dendrobium, D. nobile, D. officinale and D. devonianum were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 113 bands were amplified by 10 RAPD primers, among which 106 (93.81%) bands were polymorphic. The data of 113 RAPD bands were used to generate genetic distances and to construct a dendrogram by unweighted pair group method analysis (UPGMA). The results showed that the RAPD approach was efficient in studying genetic background and relationships among these 3 species and could be used to provide abundant molecular data for the medicinal development and utilization of Dendrobium.

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目的采用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合系统聚类分析对云南产石斛进行研究。方法用傅里叶变换红外光谱法测试了11个品种83株石斛样品的红外光谱,并结合二阶导数光谱对比分析光谱信息差异,用相关分析和系统聚类分析进行品种差异和鉴别分析。结果光谱信息显示,石斛中的主要成分是纤维素和木质素等多糖物质;铁皮石斛中纤维素和木质素的含量相对较小,其他多糖物质成分及含量相对较多。测试石斛品种的相关性较高,红外光谱的相关系数均在0.980以上,二阶导数光谱的相关系数在0.751~0.980之间。用二阶导数光谱进行系统聚类,分类正确率达87.9%;系统聚类显示重唇石斛、罗河石斛与钩状石斛,长苏石斛与金钗石斛,滇桂石斛与流苏石斛的物质组分更相近。结论红外光谱结合系统聚类分析可以区分不同品种石斛的物质组分差异,鉴别不同品种的石斛,具有方便快捷的特点。
Objective To study Dendrobium from Yunnan Province by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with hierarchical cluster analysis.Methods Stems of 83 trees from 11 Dendrobium varieties were tested through using FTIR, so as to analyze the differences among different varieties and identify Dendrobium variety by second-derivative spectral, the correlation analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis.Results The spectra showed that the main ingredients of stems were cellulose, lignin and polysaccharides. The fraction of lignin and cellulose ofD.officinate was lower, while that for polysaccharides was higher. There was a high correlation among spectra, with the correlation coefficients of more than 0.980, and that for second-derivative spectral was 0.751 to 0.980. All the samples were clustered by second-derivative spectral, with the correct rate of 87.9%. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the components ofD.hercoglossum, D.lohohense andD.adumcum,D.brymerianum andD.nobi

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改进铁皮石斛中多糖和甘露糖的含量测定方法并对铁皮石斛与齿瓣石斛中的多糖和甘露糖含量进行分析比较。方法:采用硫酸-苯酚法测定石斛中多糖的含量;采用高效液相色谱法测定石斛中甘露糖的含量。结果:多糖在2.54~12.87mg·L-1范围线性关系良好(r=0.9990),平均回收率为99.02%,RSD为2.6%(n=6);甘露糖的平均回收率为101.5%,RSD为1.7%(n=9)。6批铁皮石斛药材多糖平均含量为45.94%,甘露糖平均含量为32.33%;9批齿瓣石斛药材多糖平均含量为45.12%,甘露糖平均含量为37.88%。结论:所建方法操作比较简单,准确可靠,重现性好,可用于控制铁皮石斛的质量。铁皮石斛与齿瓣石斛多糖含量相当,齿瓣石斛甘露糖含量高于铁皮石斛。
Objective:To improve the methods for determining polysaccharide and mannose in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis and com -pare the contents of polysaccharide and mannose in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis and Dendrobii Devoniani Caulis , respectively.Meth-ods:Sulfuric acid-phenol method was adopted to determine the content of polysaccharide and HPLC was used to determine the content of mannose.Results:The calibration curve of polysaccharide was linear in the range of 2.54-12.87 mg· L-1 ( r=0.9990 ) the aver-age recovery ( n=6 ) of polysaccharide was 99.02% ( RSD =2.6%).The average recovery ( n =9 ) of mannose was 101.45%(RSD=1.7%).Conclusion:The methods are convenient , accurate, reliable and reproducible for quality control of Dendrobii Offici-nalis Caulis.Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis and Dendrobii Devoniani Caulis are similar in the content of polysaccharide ; the content of mannose in Dendrobii Devoniani Caulis is higher than Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis .

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将刚采收的铁皮石斛放置在0℃下进行储藏,研究不同保鲜膜包装对铁皮石斛保鲜效果的影响。采用薄膜自发气调包装保鲜技术(MAP),分别使用PVC保鲜膜、PE保鲜膜及微孔膜对鲜石斛进行包装,以散装石斛作为对照,通过对石斛失重率、膜透性、丙二醛、可溶性固形物进行测定,探讨不同保鲜膜对石斛保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,PVC保鲜膜包装的石斛保鲜效果最好,有效地保持了石斛在低温储藏期间的品质,可以延长其货架期,为果蔬的贮藏保鲜提供技术参数。
The caulis dendrobii storage quality with different preservative film under 0℃ was studied .Caulis dendrobii were packed with the PVC film, PE film and microporous membrane,respectively. Compared to the control with bulk Caulis dendrobii, the preservation quality of Caulis dendrobii were discussed by measuring the weightlessness rate, membrane permeability, MDA and soluble solids. The results indicate that the preservation effect treated with PVC film packaging of Caulis dendrobii is best.and the caulis dendrobii quality during storage at 0℃were retained effectively.

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[目的]用 RSAP标记技术分析中国境内分布的33种野生石斛的遗传多样性及亲缘关系。[方法]建立石斛 RSAP-PCR反应体系，从45对 RSAP引物中筛选出33对多态性引物，对33种野生石斛的基因组 DNA进行 PCR扩增。[结果]这33对引物共扩增出2047条带，其中多态性条带为2044条，多态性比例99.8%，平均每对引物产生61.9条多态性条带。材料间遗传相似系数变化范围为0.081-0.442，说明本实验所测试的材料具有较广的遗传基础。根据 RSAP 标记的结果，采用UPGMA法进行聚类分析，将33种野生石斛分为6类。结果表明剑叶石斛和滇桂石斛之间亲缘关系最近，而华石斛与喇叭唇石斛、细叶石斛之间亲缘关系最远。[结论]石斛具有丰富的遗传多样性，该研究可为石斛属的分类、育种及杂交亲本的选择提供分子水平依据。
[Objective] This study aimed to analyse the genetic diversity of and genet-ic relationship between 33 Dendrobium species by using RSAP (Restriction Site Amplification Polymorphism) marker technique. [Method] A PCR-reaction system was established, by which 33 pairs of primers screened from 45 pairs were used to con-duct the PCR amplification. [Results] The 33 pairs of primers produced 2 047 ampli-fied fragments, of which 2 044 were polymorphic, with a polymorphism rate of 99.8%, and each pair of primers produced 61.9 polymorphic fragments on average. The genetic similarity coefficients between species ranged from 0.081 to 0.442, sug-gesting that the experimental materials used in this study possess a wide genetic background. According to the result of RSAP, the 33 Dendrobium species were di-vided into 6 groups by the cluster analysis (UPGMA). The result showed that the genetic relationship between D. acinaciforme and D. guangxiense was the closest, and that between D. sinense and either

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铁皮石斛为我国名贵中药材,药用价值独特。在铁皮石斛的众多药用成分中,多糖是主要的有效成分。本文综合近年来国内外在铁皮石斛多糖累积规律方面的研究,从种质资源、生理时期与部位、栽培技术及组织培养等方面阐述铁皮石斛多糖累积的影响因素,为铁皮石斛高多糖品种的选育及栽培技术提供资料。
Due to the special medicinal value, Dendrobium officinale become one of the most famous medicinal herbs in China. Among the diversity active ingredients, polysaccharide is an important effective components in D. officinale. In this paper, germ plasm, physiological period, organ or tissue, cultivation techniques and tissue culture, progresses on polysaccharide accumulation pattern in D. officinale were summarized.

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环草石斛是中医临床上广泛应用的石斛药材。为了进一步研究环草石斛的药效成分,采用硅胶、LH-20凝胶及C-18反相硅胶等柱色谱技术对其甲醇提取液进行了系统分离,结果得到7个化合物,分别是:石斛宁(1),2,4,7-三羟基-9,10-二氢菲(2),2,5-二羟基-4-甲氧基菲(3),loddigesiinols C(4),杓唇石斛酚(5),石斛酚(6),3,4',5-三羟基-3'-甲氧基联苄(7)。这些化合物的结构由质谱、核磁共振波谱数据确定,其中化合物2、7首次在环草石斛中分离得到。
Dendrobium loddigesii is used in clinical applications widely .In order to further investigate its effective constituent, seven compounds including shihunine (1), 9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene-2, 4, 7-triol (2), moscatin (3), loddigesiinols C (4), moscatilin (5), gigantol (6) and tristin (7) were i-solated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS-18 column chromatography from the methanol extract of Dendrobium loddigesii.Their structures were analyzed by MS and NMR spectroscopy .The compounds 2 and 7 were obtained from Dendrobium loddigesii for the first time.

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