介绍了40%三唑磷水乳剂的配制方法.通过对乳化剂、稳定剂等助剂的筛选,确定了40%三唑磷水乳剂最佳配方为:40%三唑磷、8%~10%二甲苯、3%环氧氯丙烷、4.5%WELL-106S、4.5%WELL-303、2%稳定剂B、0~0.1%黄原胶、0~0.1%苯甲酸钠、0.3%消泡剂,去离子水补足至100%.结果表明,制得的40%三唑磷水乳剂的热贮分解率小于5%,各项指标均符合水乳剂的要求.

The preparation method of triazophos 40%EW was introduced. By screening emulsifiers, stabilizers, etc, the optimal formula of triazophos 40%EW was achieved as follows:triazophos 40%, dimethylbenzene 8%-10%, epichlorohy-drin 3%, WELL-106S 4.5%, WELL-303 4.5%, stabilizer B 2%, xanthan gum 0-0.1%, sodium benzoate 0-0.1%, defoamer 0.3%, deionized water making up to 100%. The results showed that the decomposition rate of triazophos 40%EW was less than 5%after thermal storage, and all specifications conformed to the requirements of EW.

以含羧基的双亲性可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)试剂为乳液稳定剂前体,探索化学剪切法与双亲性RAFT试剂相结合制备细乳液并进而制备纳米胶囊的可行性。研究发现,通过化学剪切法可制备液滴大小为亚微米的细乳液,乳化效果与双亲性RAFT试剂的结构密切相关。在本研究范围内,以poly(AAm-b-Stn)RAFT和poly(MAAm-co-Stn)RAFT为试剂的乳化效果较好,采用这两种RAFT试剂,经细乳液界面聚合均可得到核壳结构的纳米胶囊粒子,前者聚合过程的稳定性较好。

The amphiphilic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) agent with multi-carboxylic acid groups was used as the surfactant precursor to prepare the miniemulsion of styrene and paraffin by chemical shearing method. It was found that the sub-micrometer particles could be prepared by chemical shearing, and the compositions and structures of the RAFT agents had significant influence on the formation of miniemulsions. The poly(AAm-b-Stn)RAFT and poly(MAAm-co-Stn)RAFT showed better emulsifying ability. The well-defined nanocapsules of paraffin(core-structure nanocapsule particles) could be obtained using the two RAFT agents by interfacial miniemulsion polymerization, and the polymerization was more stable using the first RAFT.

为提高高氯酸盐（MxClO4）应用后的机械性能和热分解性能，用微乳液-水热结合法制备AP基复盐Mx（NH4）1-xClO4，利用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）表征Mx（NH4）1-xClO4的微观形貌和晶体结构，并采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究原料和产物的热分解性能。结果表明：通过工艺参数控制，2种氧化剂在分子间被均匀混合。所得高品质复盐晶体呈多面体形态，表面光滑、完整。晶体结构致密，晶形一致性好。高品质复盐晶体属正交晶系，有高的对称性。平均晶格常数为a=9.8789A，b=6.7586A，c=7.1188A。复盐在热分解过程中出现连续放热峰，有好的热分解性能。MxClO4在复盐分解过程中起晶型稳定剂和催化剂作用，2种原材料发生了相互反应。

In order to improve the mechanical properties and thermal decompositon of the perchlorate(MxClO4), an ammonium perchlorate based double salt Mx(NH4)1-xClO4 was prepared by a combination of microemulsion and hydrothermal methods. The micro-morphologies and crystal structures of Mx(NH4)1-xClO4 were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermal decomposition properties of raw materials and product were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that two-oxidizers in intermolecular are uniformly mixed via control of the process parameters. The crystals of the high quality double salt obtained are polyhedral, surface smooth and complete. Its crystal structure is well-ordered and dense. The crystals of double salt are orthorhombic and have high symmetry. Average lattice constants area=9.878 9?,b=6.758 6?,c=7.118 8?. Continuous exothermic peaks appear in the thermal decomposition process of the double salt. Doub

目的为皮上划痕人用布氏菌活疫苗筛选存活率高、无明胶冻干稳定剂。方法以冻干活菌存活率为指标,对甘油、甘露醇、蔗糖、葡萄糖、乳糖、谷氨酸钠、甘氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸和硫脲等10种稳定剂通过单因素筛选法,筛选出冻干存活率高的4种单因素稳定剂成分;将4种单因素稳定剂成分进行正交试验优化,筛选出最优稳定剂组合。结果单因素试验结果显示,甘油、葡萄糖、谷氨酸钠和硫脲4种稳定剂成分冻干后活菌存活率较高,对布氏菌活疫苗具有良好保护效果。通过正交试验筛选出最优稳定剂配方中四组分的质量分数分别为甘油1.5%、葡萄糖5%、硫脲1.5%、谷氨酸钠1.0%,该配方的冻干存活率可达81.5%。结论无明胶冻干稳定剂对布氏菌活疫苗具有较好的保护作用。

Objective To screen a gelatin-free protective agent for freeze-dried live Brucella vaccine. Methods The pro-tective effects of 10 different protective agents were compared with single factor such as glycerol, mannitol, sucrose, glu-cose, lactose, glutamine sodium, glycine, glutamic acid, proline and thiourea, and the orthogonal design was carried out. The viable count as a index was detected for selecting a better formula. Results The tested results showed that glycerol, glucose, glutamic sodium and thiourea is the good protective agent. The formula containing 1. 5% glycerol, 5% glucose, 1. 5% thiourea and 1. 0% glutamic sodium is the most optimal formula. The viable rate of freeeze-dried vaccine after adding this formula agent could be achived 81. 5%. Conclusions The gelatin-free freeze-dried cryoprotectant is of the good protective effect on the live Brucella vaccine.

对酸性含乳碳酸饮料加工过程中易引起沉淀的环节进行了稳定性研究,比较了不同稳定剂的稳定效果,并确定了最佳稳定剂及最优复配稳定剂。结果表明,复配稳定剂(海藻酸钠0.3%+CMC0.4%+卡拉胶0.1%对含乳碳酸饮料的稳定效果最为明显,所得含乳碳酸饮料的形态均匀,产品呈乳白色的稳定体系,并且长时间放置不分层。

The stability of the carbonic acid drink containing milk with low-pH was studied. The results showed that the stabilizing effect of carbonic acid drink with compound stabilizer (0.3% Sodium alginate +0.4 % CMC+0.1% car-rageenan) was obvious. The Prepared drink had milk white color, uniform emulsification and no flocculated sediment.