立法语言是准确表达立法意图、立法目的和体现立法政策的一种专门载体,比一般的语言文字严谨、规范、简洁、通俗、明确。法律文本大到行文成篇,小至遣词用字,都应当予以足够的重视,要求既符合作为法律行业特殊语体的习惯和规则,也要符合国家通用语言文字(普通话)的语法、语义要求。根据我国立法文本的用字和用词、立法语言的口语以及立法语言的外来词等方面的统计、分析和研究,我们发现立法语言具有通用语言文字和特殊行业语言的双重特点,自然也要接受、符合通用语言文字和法律行业语言的双重规范。

As the specialized carrier to exactly express legislative intension , purpose and policy , legislative language is more strict , standard , concise , popular and explicit than general language .Legislative writings and words must be used according with both the practice and rule of legal profession and the grammatical and semantic requirements of the national general language and words .Based on the statistics and analysis of the words , spoken language and loanwords of legislative texts in China , we find that legislative language is characterized by general language and special profession language , thereby it should be used according with standards of general language and legislative profession language .

立法语言文字是准确表述立法意图、立法目的和体现立法政策的一种专门载体。立法语言要符合通用语言文字和法律行业语言文字的双重规范。根据《宪法》精神和现有的立法语言的相关规范和国际经验，我们认为，应该从三个方面具体建设法律语言文字的规范：1．立法语言的语言规范，即立法语言的字词、句子、标点符号和格式的使用有相应的规范；2．立法语言的逻辑规范，即立法语言的概念界定、语句表述、逻辑联系词和语词的使用有相应的规范；3．立法语言的法理规范，即立法理念、立法内容、立法技术和立法体系等要有相应的规范，以完善现有的立法语言规范体系，以消除现行法律中立法语言失范现象且预防其重现于新的法律中，从而提高立法质量，促进严格执法、公正司法、全民守法，实现法治。本节主要讨论逻辑和法理规范。

Legislative language is the specialized carrier to accurately express legislative intention , purpose and policy .Legislative language should conform to the standards of common language and the language in the legal profession .According to the Constitution , present rules on legislative language and international experience , the authors give some advice to establish standard on legislative language .First, language standard that stipulates the usage of the words , sentences and punctuation of legislative language should be established .Second , logic standard that stipulates the concept definition , sentence expression , logic words and phrase should be established .Third, legal principle standard that stipulates the legal idea , legal content , legal technology and legal system should be es-tablished .In this paper , the language standard is discussed .

人社部颁布的《社会保险费申报缴纳管理规定》已于2013年11月1日起施行,由于立法意图与具体操作之间存在差异,经办机构在催缴社会保险费中遇到诸多困难,相关部门之间分工合作、协调配合有待加强。建议设立独立的催缴机构、建立多部门联动机制、加大催缴处罚力度等。

The Management Regulation in Social Insurance Declare and Payment issued by Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has been carried out on November 1st, 2013. The Administrative Institution often meets many difficulties in medical insurance fund collecting because of the differences between the legislation intention and the concrete operation. The division and cooperation between related departments should be strengthened. This article suggested setting up an independent institution to urge for premium payment, creating a linkage mechanism among multi-departments, and increasing the punishment while default in payment.

格劳秀斯希望能够限制战争，并通过为战争立法，使人类尽可能免受战争灾难。出于这一考虑，其主权理论的贡献不仅在于首次从国际法和国际关系层面对主权的内涵进行了阐释，而且在阐释主权内涵时体现出非常鲜明的限制战争的理念。格劳秀斯意图通过约束发动战争的主体来限制战争，其排斥人民主权的目的也在于限制战争。格劳秀斯从国际法层面立法限制战争的思想对后世产生了重要影响，也成为现代国际法中废弃战争和禁止战争思想的理论源头。

Hugo Grotius wanted to restrict war and legislate for war so that human could avoid the disaster of unnecessary war.Based on this consideration,his contribution to the interpretation of sovereignty theory not only lies on the explanation of sovereignty from the perspective of international law and international rela-tions for the first time,but also the idea of restricting war.Meanwhile,Grotius hoped to limit war by con-straining the forces conducting war,and his excluding the people’s sovereignty was also for this purpose. The thoughts of limiting war have a great influence on later generation,and become the theoretical source of obsoleting and baning war in modern international law.

依台湾地区现行“国家赔偿法”和“国家赔偿法修正草案”规定，委托行使公权力行为产生国家赔偿责任时，应以委托机关为赔偿义务机关。然而，受托行使公权力之私人团体或个人，对所行使之内容为公权力已有客观认识，应本着与委托人为同一注意义务。从“行政程序法”、“诉愿法”和“行政诉讼法”更可推断出受托者在行使公权力之范围内应当负公法上之责任，不能因不具有公法人格而免除其公法上法律责任之立法意图。现行“国家赔偿法”和“国家赔偿法修正草案”规定的合理性及妥适性，仍有深究之余地。

According to the current state compensation law and its draft amendment in Taiwan area, the state compensation obligation caused by the entrustee carrying out public power should be taken by the entruster body. However, as for the entrustee organization or person, since they already have objective recognition of the public power, they should take the same duty of care. Considering the administrative procedure law, the claim law and the administrative litigation law, it can be found that when carrying out the public power the entrustee should take obligation in the public law, which should not be exonerated for the reason of lacking personality in the public law. Therefore, the rationality and appropriateness of the current state compensation law and its draft amendment need deep thinking.